The relation between endometrioma and ovarian cancer

Sorbi, Flavia; Capezzuoli, Tommaso; Saso, Srdjan; Fambrini, Massimiliano; Corda, Martina; Fantappiè, Giulia

doi:10.23736/s2724-606x.21.04757-2

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In the investigation, we have noted a relatively low risk of ovarian cancer in the general population, standing at merely 1.31% ( 6 ). Nevertheless, for individuals affected by EMS, the risk of ovarian cancer undergoes a significant escalation, exhibiting a relative risk of 2.51-fold ( 7 ), with a lifetime risk reaching 2.5% ( 8 ).…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Eaocmentioning

confidence: 87%

Research progress in endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer

Tang,

Bian

2024

Front. Oncol.

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Endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC) is a unique subtype of ovarian malignant tumor originating from endometriosis (EMS) malignant transformation, which has gradually become one of the hot topics in clinical and basic research in recent years. According to clinicopathological and epidemiological findings, precancerous lesions of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) and ovarian endometrioid carcinoma (OEC) are considered as EMS. Given the large number of patients with endometriosis and its long time window for malignant transformation, sufficient attention should be paid to EAOC. At present, the pathogenesis of EAOC has not been clarified, no reliable biomarkers have been found in the diagnosis, and there is still a lack of basis and targets for stratified management and precise treatment in the treatment. At the same time, due to the long medical history of patients, the fast growth rate of cancer cells, and the possibility of eliminating the earliest endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer, it is difficult to find the corresponding histological evidence. As a result, few patients are finally diagnosed with EAOC, which increases the difficulty of in-depth study of EAOC. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical diagnosis, new treatment strategies and prognosis of endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer, and prospects the future direction of basic research and clinical transformation, in order to achieve stratified management and personalized treatment of ovarian cancer patients.

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Section: Epidemiology Of Eaocmentioning

confidence: 87%

Research progress in endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer

Tang,

Bian

2024

Front. Oncol.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lifetime risk of ovarian cancer in women is 1.31 to 1.4% in the general population ( 16 , 17 ). Patients with ovarian endometrioma have a slightly higher risk (1.8%) of ovarian cancer ( 17 ). Endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers are most commonly with the histopathological type of clear cell carcinoma and endometrioid carcinoma ( 18 ), with significant genetic correlation was reported at previous meta-analysis ( 19 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case report: Malignant transformation of ovarian endometrioma during long term use of dienogest in a young lady

Chang,

Lu,

Sun

et al. 2024

Front. Oncol.

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Endometriosis is a benign disease, which is also regarded as a precursor to ovarian malignancy. Dienogest is a progestin treatment for endometriosis with efficacy and tolerability. A 35-year-old Taiwanese lady with ovarian endometrioma had taken dienogest for the last 5 years. During sonographic follow-up, surgery was suggested owing to suspicious of malignant transformation of ovarian endometrioma. While she hesitated and turned to receive two cycles of oocyte retrieval because of nulliparity. Meanwhile, more papillary growth in the ovarian endometrioma with intratumor flow was found during follow-up. Laparoscopic enucleation was performed later, and pathology revealed clear cell carcinoma with peritoneal involvement, at least FIGO stage IIB. She then underwent debulking surgery to grossly no residual tumor and received adjuvant chemotherapy with no tumor recurrence in post-operative 17-months follow-up. Considering fertility preservation, conservative treatment of ovarian endometrioma is typically indicated for those women who have not yet completed childbearing. However, malignant transformation may still occur despite long-term progestin treatment. Therefore, careful image follow-up is still indispensable.

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“…Ultimately, those with endometriosis face a heightened risk of developing ovarian cancer, with odds ratios ranging from 1.3 to 1.9 [ 91 , 92 ]. This means that the overall risk of developing ovarian cancer in those with endometriosis is 1.8%, compared to 1.31% in the general population [ 93 ].…”

Section: The Role Of Mtor Pathway In Endometriosis and Endometriosis-...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The “Road” to Malignant Transformation from Endometriosis to Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancers (EAOCs): An mTOR-Centred Review

Hablase,

Kyrou,

Randeva

et al. 2024

Cancers

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Ovarian cancer is an umbrella term covering a number of distinct subtypes. Endometrioid and clear-cell ovarian carcinoma are endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers (EAOCs) frequently arising from ectopic endometrium in the ovary. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a crucial regulator of cellular homeostasis and is dysregulated in both endometriosis and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer, potentially favouring carcinogenesis across a spectrum from benign disease with cancer-like characteristics, through an atypical phase, to frank malignancy. In this review, we focus on mTOR dysregulation in endometriosis and EAOCs, investigating cancer driver gene mutations and their potential interaction with the mTOR pathway. Additionally, we explore the complex pathogenesis of transformation, considering environmental, hormonal, and epigenetic factors. We then discuss postmenopausal endometriosis pathogenesis and propensity for malignant transformation. Finally, we summarize the current advancements in mTOR-targeted therapeutics for endometriosis and EAOCs.

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The relation between endometrioma and ovarian cancer

Cited by 7 publications

References 61 publications

Research progress in endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer

Research progress in endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer

Case report: Malignant transformation of ovarian endometrioma during long term use of dienogest in a young lady

The “Road” to Malignant Transformation from Endometriosis to Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancers (EAOCs): An mTOR-Centred Review

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