2022
DOI: 10.1177/00110000221133104
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The Relation Between Gendered Racial Microaggressions and Traumatic Stress Among Highly Educated Black Women

Abstract: This study examined the relations among gendered racial microaggressions, resilience, individual and collective self-esteem, and traumatic stress among Black women. Personal self-esteem significantly mediated the positive relation between gendered racial microaggressions and traumatic stress. Resilience was also directly negatively related to traumatic stress and positively related to personal and collective self-esteem. Resilience moderated the positive relation between gendered racial microaggressions and me… Show more

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Cited by 9 publications
(9 citation statements)
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References 69 publications
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“…Our findings are consistent with previous research findings that: gendered racial microaggressions relate to greater traumatic stress among Black women (Moody & Lewis, 2019;Watson & Henderson, 2022), that sexual objectification racial microaggressions specifically contribute to overall PTSD symptoms as well as negative post trauma cognitions among Black women living with HIV (Dale & Safren, 2019), and that racial discrimination (not specific to gendered racism) exacerbates the symptoms of PTSD related to interpersonal trauma among Black women (Mekawi et al, 2021). We extend previous literature by demonstrating that sexual objectification racial microaggressions, a form of gendered racism experienced uniquely by Black women, exacerbate symptoms of PTSD following sexual assault.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 93%
“…Our findings are consistent with previous research findings that: gendered racial microaggressions relate to greater traumatic stress among Black women (Moody & Lewis, 2019;Watson & Henderson, 2022), that sexual objectification racial microaggressions specifically contribute to overall PTSD symptoms as well as negative post trauma cognitions among Black women living with HIV (Dale & Safren, 2019), and that racial discrimination (not specific to gendered racism) exacerbates the symptoms of PTSD related to interpersonal trauma among Black women (Mekawi et al, 2021). We extend previous literature by demonstrating that sexual objectification racial microaggressions, a form of gendered racism experienced uniquely by Black women, exacerbate symptoms of PTSD following sexual assault.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 93%
“…These findings converge with prior research, which has found that experiences of racism and heterosexism are uniquely linked to higher levels of PTSD and psychological distress among sexual minority Latinx people (Cerezo, 2016; Velez et al, 2015), while highlighting the deleterious role of microaggressions in the lives of sexual minority Latinx people. To date, only a few studies have examined links between microaggressions and PTSD symptoms (Nadal et al, 2014; Torres & Taknint, 2015), and fewer have examined intersectional forms of microaggressions as a source of traumatic stress (e.g., Moody & Lewis, 2019; Watson & Henderson, 2023). For example, Moody and Lewis (2019) observed that gendered racial microaggressions were associated with higher levels of PTSD symptoms among Black women.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Researchers have found that microaggressions predict higher rates of PTSD and psychological distress (Moody & Lewis, 2019; Nadal et al, 2014; Watson & Henderson, 2023). Racial–ethnic (Nadal et al, 2014; Zelaya & DeBlaere, 2017) and heterosexist microaggressions (Robinson & Rubin, 2016; Zelaya & DeBlaere, 2017) have been linked to higher levels of PTSD and psychological distress, with one study finding that racial–ethnic microaggressions were positively related to PTSD symptoms among Latinx people, specifically (Torres & Taknint, 2015).…”
Section: Insidious Trauma and Intersectionality Theoriesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Within this model, aspects of gendered racial identity are conceptualized as moderators of the coping-mediated association between gendered racism and health outcomes. Gendered racial microaggressions have been positively associated with greater psychological distress (Lewis & Neville, 2015; Williams & Lewis, 2019), greater negative mental and physical health outcomes (Lewis et al, 2017), greater anxiety symptoms (Wright & Lewis, 2020), and greater traumatic stress symptoms (Dale & Safren, 2019; Moody & Lewis, 2019; Sharma & Dale, 2022; Sissoko et al, 2022; Watson & Henderson, 2022) among Black women.…”
Section: Gendered Racismmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, most studies have focused on race or gender and do not account for the gendered racial microaggressions of women of color (Abdullah et al, 2021; Cherry & Wilcox, 2021; Torres & Taknint, 2015). Only a few studies have explored the link between gendered racial microaggressions and trauma and have found that Black women who experience greater gendered racial microaggressions also report greater traumatic stress (Dale & Safren, 2019; Moody & Lewis, 2019; Sharma & Dale, 2022; Sissoko et al, 2022; Watson & Henderson, 2022). These studies provide further evidence of the need to explore the link between discrimination and traumatic stress symptoms, particularly for Black women, who experience intersectional oppression.…”
Section: Discrimination and Traumatic Stressmentioning
confidence: 99%