The Relation Between Plasma Coagulation Time and Prothrombin Concentration

Fantl, P; Nance, Margaret H.

doi:10.1038/icb.1947.14

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The conclusion was strengthened by experiments in which heparinized plasma was treated with BaSo4 to remove prothrombin as described by Fantl & Nance (1947). 'Plasma so treated released histamine in the presence of antibody and antigen as effectively as did untreated plasma.…”

Section: Rabbit Blood Systems (1) Histaminase In Plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

The release of histamine and 5‐hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) from platelets by antigen‐antibody reactions (in vitro)

Humphrey¹,

Jaques²

1955

The Journal of Physiology

249

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It has been known for some time that addition of antigen to the heparinized blood of sensitized rabbits in vitro usually results in the appearance of considerable quantities of histamine in the plasma. In his earlier work (1944) Code considered that the histamine came from the white cells, but in a recent review (Code, 1952) he concluded that, in the rabbit, platelets were probably the major source. He also pointed out that a similar release of histamine from blood cells into plasma occurred during clotting, as a result of mechanical trauma, and on addition of proteolytic enzymes or peptone to the blood. McIntire, Roth & Richards (1949), who studied the release of histamine from the cells of the blood of rabbits sensitized to egg white, when incubated in the presence of the antigen, concluded that neither thrombin nor prothrombin were involved, and furthermore found no inhibition even when large amounts of trypsin inhibitor were added.Our interest in this phenomenon arose in, the course of studies on the effect of antigen-antibody reactions on white cells in vitro, during which we observed that purified antigen-antibody systems did not cause histamine release from the washed buffy'layer of rabbit blood unless plasma were also present. Further study showed that free calcium ions were essential, and we also observed that, besides histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) was released concomitantly. A limited survey of the histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine content of the platelets and white cells of various species showed striking inter-species variation (Humphrey & Jaques, 1954). In this paper are reported some observations on the mechanism of histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine release, which are largely concerned with rabbit blood, although other species are considered briefly. A preliminary account has already been published

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Section: Rabbit Blood Systems (1) Histaminase In Plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

The release of histamine and 5‐hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) from platelets by antigen‐antibody reactions (in vitro)

Humphrey¹,

Jaques²

1955

The Journal of Physiology

249

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“…Quick (1943) assumes that an essential component of the prothrombin molecule, called prothrombin A, disappears during storage.P rom the study of isolated prothrombin both from fresh and stored plasma it could be shown, however, that prothrombin is the only precursor of thrombin (Seegers, Loomis andVandenbelt, 1945 andNance, 1946). However, normal plasma eontains in the globulin fraction, a factor capable of accelerating thrombin formation, Fantl and Nance (1948), and this principle has been isolated by OAvren (1947) and termed Factor V. Ware, Guest and Seegers (1947) confirmed the presence of prothrombin accelerator in beef plasma. The speed of thrombin formation is dependent, in addition to prothrombin, upon the concentration of prothrombin accelerator.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The details for these procedures are given by Tantl and Nance (1948). Fibrinogen and other protein estimations were carried out by a biuret technique as indicated previously (Fantl and Nance, 1947). In Table 1 the results obtained from specimens which had been stored from two to seven weeks are recorded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Storage on the Coagulation Factors of Human Plasma

Fantl

Nance

1948

Aust J Exp Biol Med

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Previous workers have noted that blood plasma during storage loses its coagulability. Crosbie et al. (1941) found that plasma coagulation time measured by simple recalcification decreased in the first twenty-four hours of storage. Apparently this was due to the liberation of thromboplastic substances. In the ensuing period, however, a gradual increase of coagulation time occurred. Prothrombin estimations in aged plasma have given contradictory results, thus Rhoads and Panzer (1939) found a rapid decline of apparent prothrombin activity by the use of the one-stage technique, an observation which was confirmed by all subsequent workers. On the other hand, investigators using the two-stage technique of Warner, Brinkhons and Smith (1936) agree with Lord and Pastore (1939), that a much smaller loss in actual prothrombin concentration takes place during storage. As an explanation for the impaired coagulation of stored plasma, Lavergne et al. (1942) suggested that the reactivity of fibrinogen had decreased, an assumption which was supported by Loomis and Seegers (1947). According to Quick (1943) the delay in coagulation is due to the disappearance of an essential factor which he called prothrombin A. Finally, Banfi et al. (1945) observed a marked anti-thrombic activity of stored plasma and believed that this phenomenon was responsible for the decline in coagulability. In the course of our own investigations on the stability of prothrombin accelerator a number of human plasma specimens were investigated. From the results obtained it was possible to obtain a clear pictui'e of the factors responsible for the impaired coagulability of stored plasma. EXPERIMENTAL.Blood samples were obtained from normal donors. Following addition of 0-1 volumes of O-l M sodium oxalato to -whole blood and separation of the plasma, the specimens were stored at -{-0° C. in test tubes plugged with cotton-wool. Only sterile plasma samples were used. The thromboplastin in the estimation of prothrombin activity by the one-stage technique (Quick, 1938) was a 6 p.c. extract of acetone-dehydrated human brain in 0-15 M saline and was mixed prior to use with an equal volume of 0-01 M calcium chloride. The estimation of prothrombin by a two-stage technique was carried out as described previously (Fantl and Nance, 1948). Thrombin clotting time was measured after the addition of 0-1 ml. of human 1 Working under full-time grant from the N'ational Health and Medical Research Council.

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“…Usually serum from two donors was pooled. BaCO3 was freshly prepared according to Fantl & Nance (1947); BaSO4 was prepared from equivalent amounts of Ba(OH)2 and dil. H,S04, and washed with distilled water until neutral.…”

Section: Experimental Materials8mentioning

confidence: 99%