The Relation Between Stretching Typology and Stretching Duration: The Effects on Range of Motion

Thomas, Ewan; Bianco, Antonino; Paoli, Antonio; Palma, Antonio

doi:10.1055/s-0044-101146

Cited by 83 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Dynamic stretching (DS) involves performing movements over a full or nearly full ROM [1,6]. These movements are typically performed under controlled conditions (moderate to relatively rapid angular velocities).…”

Section: Dynamic Stretching (Ds)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ballistic stretching (BS) involves rapid and active movements throughout the entire joint ROM [1,6]. This technique is typically a highly sport specific related activity.…”

Section: Ballistic Stretching (Bs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stretching is a technique used to increase muscle joint range of motion (ROM) [1][2][3]. Passive and active static, and dynamic stretching techniques were developed to increase levels of ROM and improve specific sport techniques [4][5][6]. Although, passive and active static stretching (SS) techniques seem to provide the greatest changes in ROM, it is also well documented that they can acutely induce impairments in muscle performance [1,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, duration may not be the only factor to influence stretching effects. Some studies have reported that performing daily stretching exercises compared to 3 times per week lead to greater ROM achievements [6,22]. Therefore, participants who have been well familiarized with stretching exercises and have been performing them in their daily routines for years may have induced plastic (semi-permanent) changes in their elastic structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Acute Effects of Stretching on Flexibility and Performance: A Narrative Review

Lima

Ruas

Behm

et al. 2019

J. of SCI. IN SPORT AND EXERCISE

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Passive and active stretching techniques have been shown to increase both chronic and acute range of motion (ROM). Acute ROM improvements can be countered by decreases in muscle performance, primarily after prolonged static stretching (SS) and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) techniques when not incorporated into a full warm up procedure. In contrast, ballistic stretching and dynamic stretching techniques typically induce either an increase or no change in muscular force and power. This review explores studies that have investigated stretching responses on ROM, muscle functionality and performance. Collectively, the literature demonstrates that prolonged acute SS and PNF stretching can elicit the greatest changes in flexibility, but without additional dynamic activities (i.e. full warm up) can induce neuromuscular force and power output impairments, while increasing ROM and some sports specific performance. Muscle response to stretching may be determined by the manipulation of confounding variables such as duration, population, volume, test specificity and frequency. An increased dosage of some of these variables during stretching in isolation, augments ROM increases while attenuating muscle force output, except for stretching intensity which may lead to similar responses. Populations with high flexibility may have positive effects from stretching when tested on their sport specific performance, while general population may suffer greater negative effects. Not controlling these variables during stretching protocols may lead to misleading information regarding its effects on muscle performance.

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Section: Dynamic Stretching (Ds)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ballistic stretching (BS) involves rapid and active movements throughout the entire joint ROM [1,6]. This technique is typically a highly sport specific related activity.…”

Section: Ballistic Stretching (Bs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Acute Effects of Stretching on Flexibility and Performance: A Narrative Review

Lima

Ruas

Behm

et al. 2019

J. of SCI. IN SPORT AND EXERCISE

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“…Stretching strategies and protocols are widely used to improve flexibility or maintain health, acting on the muscle tendon-unit, in order to improve the ROM of joints [40]. Due to our final purpose: treatment of main symptoms in FM and CFS/ME patients with standardized effective protocols, we will concentrate our attention on the available evidence for passive muscle stretching, defining it as a MT procedure effected by a professional physiotherapist on the patient.…”

Section: Molecular Determinants Of Mt: Lessons From Animal Models Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling molecular determinants of manual therapy: an approach to integrative therapeutics for the treatment of fibromyalgia and CFS/ME

Espejo¹,

García-Escudero²,

Oltra³

2018

Preprint

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Abstract:Application of protocols without parameter standardization and rigorous controls has led manual therapy (MT) and other physiotherapy approaches to controversial outcomes. Thus, there is an urgency to carefully define standard protocols that elevate physiotherapy treatments to rigorous scientific demands. One way this can be achieved is by studying gene expression and additional physiological changes that associate to particular, parameter-controlled, treatments in animal models and translating this knowledge to properly design objective, quantitatively-monitored clinical trials. Here, we propose a Molecular Physiotherapy Approach (MPTA), requiring multidisciplinary teams, to uncover the scientific reasons behind the numerous reports of MT that historically attribute benefits to these treatments. The review focuses in the identification of MT-induced physiological and molecular responses that could be used for the treatment of fibromyalgia (FM) and CFS/ME. The systemic effect associated to mechanical-load responses is considered of particular relevance as it suggests that defined, low-pain areas could be selected for treatments with overall benefits, an aspect that might result essential to treat FM. Additionally, MT can provide muscle conditioning to sedentary patients without demanding strenuous physical effort, detrimental for CFS/ME patients, placing MT as a real option for integrative medicine programs to treat FM and CFS/ME.

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Seven weeks of pectoralis muscle stretching does not induce non‐local effects in dorsiflexion ankle range of motion

Konrad,

Reiner,

Manieu

et al. 2024

European Journal of Sport Science

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Both an acute bout, as well as chronic static stretching (SS), can increase the joint range of motion (ROM). However, ROM increases of a non‐stretched muscle (non‐local) are reported following an acute SS session, and these effects have not been studied for long‐term SS training. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of a comprehensive 7‐week SS training program of the pectoralis muscles on ankle dorsiflexion ROM. Thirty‐three healthy, physically active participants (20 male and 13 female) were assigned to either the SS (n = 18) or the control (n = 15) group. The SS group performed a 7‐week SS intervention that comprised three sessions a week, including three exercises of the pectoralis muscles for 5‐min each. Before and after the intervention period, the ankle dorsiflexion ROM was tested with a dynamometer. There was no significant time (p = 0.93, F1,31 = 0.008; η2 = 0.000) or time x group effect (p = 0. 56, F1,31 = 0.342; η2 = 0.011) in ankle dorsiflexion ROM, indicating no changes in ROM in the intervention as well as the control group. Although previous studies on the acute effects of stretching reported non‐local increases in ROM, our study showed no such changes after 7 weeks of SS training. Consequently, if the goal is to chronically increase the ROM of a specific joint, it is recommended to directly stretch the muscles of interest.

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The Relation Between Stretching Typology and Stretching Duration: The Effects on Range of Motion

Cited by 83 publications

References 44 publications

Acute Effects of Stretching on Flexibility and Performance: A Narrative Review

Acute Effects of Stretching on Flexibility and Performance: A Narrative Review

Unraveling molecular determinants of manual therapy: an approach to integrative therapeutics for the treatment of fibromyalgia and CFS/ME

Seven weeks of pectoralis muscle stretching does not induce non‐local effects in dorsiflexion ankle range of motion

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