The relation of cross‐equatorial flow during winter and spring with South China Sea summer monsoon onset

Lin, Aoxiang; Zhang, Renhe; He, Chao

doi:10.1002/joc.5106

Cited by 17 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…The onset of the SCSSM is accompanied by the "warm-in-north" and "cold-in-south" tropospheric temperature pattern surrounding the SCS, presenting the winter-to-summer seasonal transition of the meridional temperature gradient (MTG) in the middleupper troposphere (Mao et al, 2004b;Webster et al, 1998;Zhang et al, 2004). Except for the flourishing of monsoon convection over the SCS, the onset of the SCSSM includes the intrusion of the South Asian High (SAH) into the upper troposphere over the SCS , the eastward retreat of the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) in the middle-lower troposphere (Ding & Liu, 2001;He et al, 2017), and the generation of cross-equatorial flow south of Asia (Gao et al, 2012;Gao & Xue, 2006;Lin et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boosting Effect of Tropical Cyclone “Fani” on the Onset of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon in 2019

Liu

Zhu

2020

JGR Atmospheres

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The late onset of the South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon (SCSSM) has traditionally been attributed to El Niño events. However, the SCSSM built up around Pentad 26 in 2019, which was 10 days earlier than expected following the 2018/2019 El Niño event. The present study showed that the early onset of the SCSSM in 2019 could be ascribed to tropical cyclone (TC) Fani over the Bay of Bengal (BOB) from 27 April to 3 May 2019. Before the landfall in Pentad 24, the anomalous condensation heating released by the TC not only shifted the South Asian High (SAH) northward but also reinforced the upper‐level barotropic trough to the west of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) at midlatitudes. This phenomenon facilitated the early establishment of monsoon convection by intensifying the upper‐level pumping over the SCS. In addition, the TC carried abundant moisture to the eastern TP and the SCS when it landed in eastern India in Pentad 25 and strengthened the local rainfall in front of the deeper midlatitudinal trough in the upper troposphere over the TP, which in turn released more condensation heating to warm the tropospheric atmosphere. Afterwards, this warmer air advected downstream to the north of the SCS by the basic flow, resulting in the further northward shift of the SAH and the stronger monsoon onset convection over the SCS. Such an upscaling effect of the TC prevented the onset time of the 2019 SCSSM from being accurately forecasted by the ECMWF S2S model.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boosting Effect of Tropical Cyclone “Fani” on the Onset of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon in 2019

Liu

Zhu

2020

JGR Atmospheres

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“…The variation of the SCSSM onset time has a broad impact on the East Asian weather and climate in boreal summer (Nitta 1987;Lin et al 2010) and the Indian Ocean climate variability (Kajikawa et al 2003). The onset date of SCSSM varies within large extent, for example, the difference between the earliest onset and the latest onset is more than 50 days during the years of 1979-2013 (Lin et al 2013(Lin et al , 2017. The mechanism about SCSSM onset appeals to a great deal of researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Feng and Hu (2014) deemed that the ocean heat content of upper 400 m layer in the region of (130°-150° E, 0-14° N) may be a predictor for SCSSM onset. Some studies showed that cold air originated from Southern Hemisphere through cross-equatorial flow impacts monsoon activity (Ramaswamy and Pareek 1978;Kuettner and Unninayar 1980;Sikka 1980;Rodwell 1996;He and Chen 1989;He et al 1991;Li and Wu 2002;Gao and Xue 2006;Lin et al 2017). The SCSSM onset exhibits significant interdecadal variation in addition to interannual variation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate shift of the South China Sea summer monsoon onset in 1993/1994 and its physical causes

Lin

Zhang

2019

Clim Dyn

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The characteristics of anomalous circulations during spring associated with the climate shift of the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) onset in 1993/1994 and its physical causes are investigated. It is found that the interdecadal shift of SCSSM onset happened in 1993/1994 is related closely to the 850 hPa zonal wind anomalies over the area around Kalimantan Island. Easterly (westerly) anomalies over Kalimantan Island enhance (weaken) subtropical high over the western North Pacific, leading to the late (early) onset of SCSSM in 1979-1993 (1994-2013). The sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the key region 140°-150° E, 5° S-2.5° N influence the interdecadal change of zonal winds over Kalimantan Island. The positive SSTAs over this key region in 1994-2013 force convergence toward the region at low-level and form significant westerly anomalies near Kalimantan Island located to the west of the key region. The negative anomalies of meridional gradient of zonal winds over the South China Sea region increase the atmospheric vorticity over there significantly and result in the weakening and retreating eastward of the subtropical high over the western North Pacific, which is conducive to the early onset of SCSSM.

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“…A stronger SCSCEF would help to push the WNPSH to move northwards, thus favours an early SCSSMO (Gao and Xue, 2006). A recent study by Lin et al (2017) also reported that a strong CEF around the Philippines in preceding months (from January to March) is likely to be followed by an early SCSSMO.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the weakening relationship between the South China Sea summer monsoon onset and cross‐equatorial flow after the late 1990s

Chen

Huang

et al. 2018

Intl Journal of Climatology

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The weakening in the relationship between the South China Sea summer monsoon onset (SCSSMO) and the low‐level cross‐equatorial flow (CEF) in May is investigated using the ERA‐Interim reanalysis data sets during 1979–2016. The SCSSMO–SCSCEF relationship has experienced a significant inter‐decadal change, and the correlation coefficient becomes weaker after the late 1990s. The correlation has shifted from the significant negative value in the earlier decade to insignificant in the later decade. This inter‐decadal change is robust under several sensitive tests and largely independent of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation signal. One possible explanation is the change in mechanisms driving the SCSSMO over the course of the two periods. Before the late 1990s, the northwards march of the intertropical convergence zone, which has a close relationship with the SCSCEF, is mainly responsible for the SCSSMO. After the late 1990s, warming of the western North Pacific favours more tropical cyclones and disturbances during May. The westwards movement of these tropical disturbances would affect the SCSSMO and help explain why the SCSSMO–SCSCEF relationship became weaker in the later decade.

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The relation of cross‐equatorial flow during winter and spring with South China Sea summer monsoon onset

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

Boosting Effect of Tropical Cyclone “Fani” on the Onset of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon in 2019

Boosting Effect of Tropical Cyclone “Fani” on the Onset of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon in 2019

Climate shift of the South China Sea summer monsoon onset in 1993/1994 and its physical causes

On the weakening relationship between the South China Sea summer monsoon onset and cross‐equatorial flow after the late 1990s

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