The relation of empathy to prosocial and related behaviors.

Eisenberg, Nancy; Miller, Paul A.

doi:10.1037/0033-2909.101.1.91

Cited by 2,044 publications

(1,477 citation statements)

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“…Here, children's choice to help could best be predicted by their pride in response to helping and success, and their resilience to failure. Although moderate, the effect size of achievement pride as a predictor variable for both help and amends equals that of empathy reported in previous literature (see Eisenberg & Miller, 1987;Eisenberg, Spinrad & Sadovsky, 2006.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

You and me: Investigating the role of self-evaluative emotion in preschool prosociality

Ross

2017

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

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Citation for published version (APA): Ross, J. (2017). You and me: investigating the role of self-evaluative emotion in preschool prosociality. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 155, 67-83. DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2016 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in Discovery Research Portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from Discovery Research Portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain.• You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 13. May. 2018Self-evaluative emotion and preschool prosociality AbstractSelf-evaluative emotions depend on internalized social standards and motivate social action. However, there is a lack of empirical research documenting the impact of self-evaluative emotion on 3-and 4-year-olds' prosociality. Extant research relates children's experiences of guilt to empathetic concern and making amends. However, the relationship between guilt and both concern and making amends is potentially reductive. Empathetic concern involves similar bodily expressions to guilt, and amend making is used to distinguish guilt from shame in children. This is the first study to relate the development of both positive and negative selfevaluative emotions to empathetic concern and prosocial choice (making amends, spontaneous help). Results confirm that the broad capacity for self-evaluative emotion is established in the preschool years, and relates to empathetic concern. Moreover, these social emotions can be used to predict prosocial choice. Making amends was best predicted by empathetic concern and by children's responses to achievement (pride following success, lack of shame following failure). Alongside moral pride, pride in response to achievement and resilience to shame was also the best predictor of spontaneous help. The data support the idea that young children's prosocial choices may be partially driven by the affective drive to maintain an 'ideal' self. Psychologists have emphasised that in order to be adaptive, selfevaluative emotion should be guilt rather than shame orientated. However, the adaptive role of pride has been neglected. We call on future research to redress the focus on negative selfevaluation in moral development and further explore the prosocial potential of pride. Research Highlights1. Self-evaluative emotions depend on internalized standards and motivate social action.2. Extant developmental research associates guilt with empathetic concern and reparation.3. The current paper shows th...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

You and me: Investigating the role of self-evaluative emotion in preschool prosociality

Ross

2017

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

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“…This fi nding is consistent with the notion that altruistic acts are motivated by a prosocial personality or internalized values in addition to sympathy. Thus, it is not always necessary that a person vicariously feels the pain of another or understands the perspective of a person in need for altruistic helping to occur (Eisenberg and Miller, 1987;Staub, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compliant helping is another prosocial behavior that is positively related to perspective taking, sympathy, and internalized moral reasoning and negatively related to aggression, but these relations with aggression have been less conclusive. This might be because, in contrast to altruism, compliant helping is not motivated completely by selfl ess motives and instead by the demands of the social situation (Eisenberg and Miller, 1987). Thus, there might be different motives for compliant prosocial behavior as compared to other forms of prosocial behaviors.…”

Section: Defi Ning Types Of Prosocial Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Sides of the Same Coin? The Relations between Prosocial and Physically Aggressive Behaviors

McGinley

Carlo

2006

J Youth Adolescence

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“…There is considerable evidence that empathy relates positively to prosocial behavior, such as helping [see Eisenberg and Miller, 1987 for an extensive review and meta-analysis], and negatively to aggressive or antisocial behavior [e.g., Kaukiainen et al, 1999;Loudin et al, 2003;Mehrabian, 1997; see also Miller and Eisenberg, 1988 for a metaanalytic review]. However, few studies have directly addressed the role of empathic tendencies in conflict management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empathy and conflict resolution in friendship relations among adolescents

Wied

Branje

Meeus

2006

Aggressive Behavior

224

110

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The present study addressed empathy's role in conflict resolution within the context of adolescent same-sex friendship relations. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess dispositional affective empathy and conflict resolution styles (problem solving, conflict engagement, withdrawal and compliance). The data of 307 adolescents (149 boys, 158 girls) were included in a multigroup path analysis with sex as a moderator variable. In agreement with the hypothesis that higher levels of dispositional empathy are associated with more successful conflict management, dispositional affective empathy was found to be positively linked to problem solving and negatively linked to conflict engagement among adolescent boys and girls. Dispositional affective empathy was not related to the two more passive strategies (withdrawal and compliance). Sex differences were demonstrated in empathic tendencies, with girls being more empathic than boys. Sex differences were also established in conflict resolution strategies, with girls using problem solving, withdrawal and compliance more frequently than boys. Both sexes scored equally low on conflict engagement, however, and were found to prefer problem solving to all other conflict resolution strategies. Findings are discussed in terms of previous research on empathy and conflict resolution. Aggr. Behav. 33:48-55, 2007. r

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The relation of empathy to prosocial and related behaviors.

Cited by 2,044 publications

References 123 publications

You and me: Investigating the role of self-evaluative emotion in preschool prosociality

You and me: Investigating the role of self-evaluative emotion in preschool prosociality

Two Sides of the Same Coin? The Relations between Prosocial and Physically Aggressive Behaviors

Empathy and conflict resolution in friendship relations among adolescents

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