The Relation of Induced Tinnitus to Physical Characteristics of the Inducing Stimuli

Intense sound-induced plasticity in the dorsal cochlear nucleus of rats: Evidence for cholinergic receptor upregulation

“…Hyperactivity, once induced, has also been shown to persist after removal of eighth nerve input (Zacharek et al, 2002), a Wnding that parallels the clinical observation that tinnitus in humans often persists following eighth nerve section (House and Brackmann, 1981;Dandy, 1941;Silverstein, 1976;Gardner, 1984;Barrs and Brackmann, 1984). Peak hyperactivity occurs at a frequency locus that is higher than that of the exposure tone ; this parallels the psychoacoustic Wnding that the pitch of tone-induced tinnitus in humans is usually higher than the frequency of the exposure tone (Atherley et al, 1968;Loeb and Smith, 1967;George and Kemp, 1989). Also, the tonotopic proWle of hyperactivity is more like that evoked by a narrow band of noise than by a pure tone , thus corresponding to the psychoacoustic demonstration that the tinnitus spectrum resembles a band of noise more than a pure tone (Norena et al, 2002).…”

Tinnitus as a plastic phenomenon and its possible neural underpinnings in the dorsal cochlear nucleus

“…This loss of input to cartwheel cells could possibly disinhibit fusiform cells without involving plastic changes. This mechanism could potentially explain the early onset of tinnitus and hyperactivity in the DCN after exposure to moderate levels of sound (Atherley et al, 1968;Loeb and Smith, 1967;George and Kemp, 1989;Salvi et al, 2000b;Fig. 5 of this paper).…”

Temporary off-frequency listening after noise trauma

“…Noise-induced tinnitus is one of the most prevalent forms of tinnitus (Axelsson and Prasher, 2000;Demeester et al, 2007) and it is induced immediately after noise trauma (Loeb and Smith, 1967;Atherley et al, 1968;McFeely et al, 1999;Mrena et al, 2004;Nottet et al, 2006;Schreiber et al, 2010 for a review). This imposes a time constraint on models which attempt to account for the generation of tinnitus.…”