The Relation of Leukosis to Sarcoma of Chickens

Stubbs, E. L.; Fürth, J.

doi:10.1084/jem.61.5.593

Cited by 36 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The virus of Strain 11 has distinctive features t h a t differ from those of the three other sarcomata observed b y us (3,4), but is similar to the spindle cell sarcoma of Rous (2, 1). All chickens inoculated with it were kept in one room, often in one cage, together with chickens inoculated with our different agents of leukosis and sarcoma.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Strain 11mentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Such strains have been recently described b y several workers (6,7,4) and the question arose whether they are produced b y one or Several viruses. In Experiments A and B the virus of pure sarcoma (Strain 11) and the virus of pure leukosis (Strain 1) were injected separately into the same chickens.…”

Section: Combined Inoculation With a Pure Leukosis And A Pure Sarcomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neoplasms with properties similar to t h a t of Strain 15 have not been observed hitherto in chickens (1). Strain 11, which is similar to the spindle cell sarcoma of Rous (2) and to tumors found subsequently in several countries (1), will be described because it was used in studies on the nature of the transmissible tumor strains which produce more than one type of growth (3,4). The following are some introductory notes about these strains, given here for comparison with Strain 12 described in the preceding paper.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Relation of Leukosis to Sarcoma of Chickens

Fürth

1936

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Two transmissible sarcomata (Nos. 15 and 11) are described. Strain 15 originated in a chicken injected with neurolymphomatosis of Strain 5. Its virus produces sarcoma characterized by peculiar giant cells, different from those of the other known chicken sarcomata. It does not produce neurolymphomatosis or leukosis. Strain 11 is morphologically similar to the spindle cell sarcoma of Rous and of other workers. It occurred in an uninjected control chicken and its virus produces sarcoma unassociated with leukosis. Both Strains 11 and 15 can be readily transmitted with material free from viable cells and their virus can be preserved by drying in the frozen state. The viruses of leukosis of Strain 1 and sarcoma of Strain 11 when injected into the same bird retain their identity and can be readily reisolated.

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Section: Characteristics Of Strain 11mentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Combined Inoculation With a Pure Leukosis And A Pure Sarcomamentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Relation of Leukosis to Sarcoma of Chickens

Fürth

1936

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…The Sea receptor was identified as the cellular homologue of the avian retroviral oncoprotein v-Sea. This avian erythroblastosis virus (S13) induced sarcomas, erythroblastosis, and anemia in infected birds (11,12). Transformation of erythroid cells with the sea onco- gene rendered them erythropoietin independent (13,14).…”

Section: Table II Edman Sequencing Of Chicken Serum Mspmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chicken Macrophage Stimulating Protein Is a Ligand of the Receptor Protein-tyrosine Kinase Sea

Wahl¹,

Hsu²,

Huff³

et al. 1999

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Chem. 272, 1-4). Therefore, we expressed both the wild type and the specific Cys to Ala form of chicken macrophage stimulating protein as recombinant proteins. After proteolytic activation, only conditioned media from COS cells transfected with the C665A chicken macrophage stimulating protein, but not from wild type chicken macrophagestimulating protein, or control vector, was detected by the Sea-immunoglobulin fusion protein in Western blotting experiments. Conditioned media containing the C665A chicken macrophage-stimulating protein readily caused Sea phosphorylation, while conditioned media containing the wild type chicken macrophage-stimulating protein was only effective at inducing receptor phosphorylation at high concentrations. In addition to receptor phosphorylation, the C665A chicken macrophage-stimulating protein induced phosphorylation of Shc, Erk1, and Erk 2. We conclude that macrophage-stimulating protein is a ligand of the Sea receptor protein-tyrosine kinase.The receptor protein-tyrosine kinases are a structurally related family of transmembrane proteins which regulate a wide variety of cellular responses to extracellular stimulation (2). The binding of ligand to the extracellular domain of these receptors results in rapid intracellular autophosphorylation followed by the phosphorylation of multiple downstream effector proteins (2).The Met receptor protein-tyrosine kinase (3, 4) is the prototype of a subfamily of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases. Other members of this subfamily include the RON 1 /Stk (5-7) and Sea receptors (8). A common feature of this subfamily is that the mature version of the receptor consist of a heterodimer between a small ␣ chain (ϳ35 kDa) and a larger ␤ chain (ϳ160 kDa) which arise from proteolytic cleavage of a precursor protein.

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“…In this report we describe the isolation of another member of this gene family, the sea gene of the S13 avian erythroblastosis retrovirus. The S13 virus causes sarcomas, erythroblastosis, and anemias on injection into young chicks (7). Recent characterization of this virus revealed that its genome length was 8.5 kilobases (kb), and this virus encoded normal-sized gag and gag-pol products but an abnormally sized env glycoprotein of 155 kDa, gp155 (8)(9)(10).…”

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The v-sea oncogene of avian erythroblastosis retrovirus S13: another member of the protein-tyrosine kinase gene family.

Smith

Vogt

Hayman

1989

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The cloning and sequencing of the oncogene of the avian erythroblastosis virus S13 is described. The oncogene, termed v-sea, was found to be another member ofthe protein-tyrosine kinase gene family. The oncogene was fused in frame with the retrovirus S13 envelope gene, thus generating a fusion protein with a structure resembling that of a growth factor receptor. Sequence comparisons revealed that the v-sea gene was most closely related to the insulin receptor family of protein-tyrosine kinases, the greatest similarity being with the human MET oncogene. Ofthese groups the protein kinase family is, by far, the largest with most members being protein-tyrosine kinases. The protein-tyrosine kinases can be divided broadly into two structurally distinct groups: integral membrane proteins that span the membrane bilayer and those protein-tyrosine kinases that are extrinsic membrane proteins associated with the inner surface of the plasma membrane. The structural motif of the former group resembles that of certain growth factor receptors, and over the last few years it has become clear that certain oncogenes are, in fact, derived from cellular growth factor receptors [e.g., the erbB gene of avian erythroblastosis virus being derived from the epidermal growth factor receptor (2, 3) and thefms gene offeline sarcoma virus, McDonough strain, being derived from the macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (4)]. The physiological role of the cellular counterparts of the extrinsic tyrosine kinases remains unclear.The demonstration that protein-tyrosine kinases could be oncogenic, together with the realization that certain growth factor receptors also had this enzymatic activity, has identified these enzymes as key players in various signaltransduction pathways. In addition, identification of additional members of the protein-tyrosine kinase family, by isolating and characterizing recently found oncogenes, led to the realization that this gene family is very large and that important information can be obtained when additional family members are identified (5, 6). In this report we describe the isolation of another member of this gene family, the sea gene of the S13 avian erythroblastosis retrovirus. The S13 virus causes sarcomas, erythroblastosis, and anemias on injection into young chicks (7). Recent characterization of this virus revealed that its genome length was 8.5 kilobases (kb), and this virus encoded normal-sized gag and gag-pol products but an abnormally sized env glycoprotein of 155 kDa, gp155 (8)(9)(10). Subsequent data revealed that this protein was cleaved into a normal-sized gp85 env product and a 70-kDa glycoprotein, gp7O. In vitro kinase assays showed that the gp155 and gp70 proteins had an associated proteintyrosine kinase activity that was temperature-sensitive in a mutant avian retrovirus S13 virus that was ts for transformation (11). These data indicated that avian erythroblastosis retrovirus S13 contained a protein-tyrosine kinase oncogene within its genome, positioned to encode a fusion protein...

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The Relation of Leukosis to Sarcoma of Chickens

Cited by 36 publications

References 2 publications

The Relation of Leukosis to Sarcoma of Chickens

The Relation of Leukosis to Sarcoma of Chickens

Chicken Macrophage Stimulating Protein Is a Ligand of the Receptor Protein-tyrosine Kinase Sea

The v-sea oncogene of avian erythroblastosis retrovirus S13: another member of the protein-tyrosine kinase gene family.

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