The Relation of Metabolic Rate to Body Weight and Organ Size

Holliday, Malcolm A.; Potter, Donald; Jarrah, Azmi S.; Bearg, S

doi:10.1203/00006450-196705000-00005

Cited by 160 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…At the intraspecific level, the hypometry of metabolic rate of various fish species relates, at least in part, to increases in the relative masses of tissues with low metabolic activity (e.g., fat and skeletal tissues), and decreases in the relative masses of tissues with high metabolic activity (e.g., brain, heart, kidney, hepatopancreas, and digestive tract) during growth (e.g., [152,186,187]. Supportive results also exist for plants [190,193], humans [194] and cladocerans [195], but not for amphipods [105,196] and insects [49]. In the freshwater amphipod Gammarus minus, the inter-population variation in the scaling of resting metabolic rate is unrelated to the scaling of relatively metabolically inert fat and skeletal materials [105].…”

Section: System-composition Modelsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Rediscovering and Reviving Old Observations and Explanations of Metabolic Scaling in Living Systems

Glazier

2018

Systems

112

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Why the rate of metabolism varies (scales) in regular, but diverse ways with body size is a perennial, incompletely resolved question in biology. In this article, I discuss several examples of the recent rediscovery and (or) revival of specific metabolic scaling relationships and explanations for them previously published during the nearly 200-year history of allometric studies. I carry out this discussion in the context of the four major modal mechanisms highlighted by the contextual multimodal theory (CMT) that I published in this journal four years ago. These mechanisms include metabolically important processes and their effects that relate to surface area, resource transport, system (body) composition, and resource demand. In so doing, I show that no one mechanism can completely explain the broad diversity of metabolic scaling relationships that exists. Multi-mechanistic models are required, several of which I discuss. Successfully developing a truly general theory of biological scaling requires the consideration of multiple hypotheses, causal mechanisms and scaling relationships, and their integration in a context-dependent way. A full awareness of the rich history of allometric studies, an openness to multiple perspectives, and incisive experimental and comparative tests can help this important quest.

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Section: System-composition Modelsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Rediscovering and Reviving Old Observations and Explanations of Metabolic Scaling in Living Systems

Glazier

2018

Systems

112

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“…RMR per kilogram of body weight normally decreases as individuals grow due to changes in body composition, with a reduction in the proportion of those organs with a high metabolic rate and a build-up in muscle mass, which has a relatively lower metabolic rate (Holliday et al, 1967, Holliday, 1971. In the present study, when RMR was expressed per kilogram of body weight both groups showed a decline in RMR over time; such decline, however, was sharper in the S group than in the N group, which goes in line with lower gain lean body mass in the stunted girls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower resting metabolic rate and higher velocity of weight gain in a prospective study of stunted vs nonstunted girls living in the shantytowns of São Paulo, Brazil

et al. 2005

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Objective: Previous studies have shown that stunting increases the risk of obesity in developing countries, particularly among girls and women, but the underlying reasons are not known. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between stunting, weight gain, and resting metabolic rate. Design and subjects: A prospective study was conducted over 36 months with girls from shantytowns in São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 15 stunted girls (S) were compared with 15 nonstunted (N) ones of similar weight for height ratio. Interventions: Resting metabolic rate was measured using indirect calorimetry, and the socioeconomic status was determined by interviews in the household. In addition, body composition was measured by skinfold thickness, while the growth rate was calculated dividing the change in weight and the change in height by the follow-up period. Results:The results of the present study, when combined, revealed that the S group had a lower resting metabolic rate throughout the follow-up period with the differences being significant at 24 and 36 months of follow-up, associated with an increase in the rate of weight gain and a decrease in lean mass, when compared to the N group. Conclusions: These changes are known to be risk factors for obesity and may help to explain the particularly higher prevalence of obesity in women in urban areas of developing countries.

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“…Taken together these results illustrate à stable' BMR in homeotherms after they reach maturity. Holliday et al (1967) and Henry et al (1999).…”

Section: Basal Metabolic Rate and Body Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organ sizes (except for brain) at different ages were computed from the values reported by Holliday et al (1967), Coppoletta & Wolbach (1933), and Elia (l992). For brain size, values were obtained by Dekaban and Sadowsky (1978) (Table 10) from over 2773 males and 1963 female autopsies.…”

Section: Contribution Of Changes In Brain Size To Bmr In Ageingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of changes in basal metabolism during ageing

Henry

2000

Eur J Clin Nutr

105

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A considerable number of physiological functions are known to show a gradual decline with increasing age. However, the effects of ageing differ widely between organ systems. It is believed that basal metabolic rate (BMR) falls dramatically with age. These observations, largely based on cross-sectional surveys, are discussed in light of our present understanding of the biology of ageing. This paper reviews both the longitudinal and crosssectional studies of BMR and presents evidence that the fall in BMR with ageing may be less dramatic than previously perceived. Indeed, some subjects may show an increase in BMR with ageing. The mechanism of changes in BMR during ageing will be discussed. Organ weight changes appear to have a profound impact on BMR. The use of BMR to predict total energy expenditure in the`old elderly' ( b 75 y) is unlikely to be of any practical use due to wide intra-and inter-individual variation in BMR. This wide intra-and inter-individual variation in BMR is due to illness, disease and other metabolic disorders seen in the elderly. Finally, the importance of measuring BMR in elderly populations for its use in clinical medicine will be discussed. Descriptors: aging; basal metabolic rate; body composition

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The Relation of Metabolic Rate to Body Weight and Organ Size

Cited by 160 publications

References 34 publications

Rediscovering and Reviving Old Observations and Explanations of Metabolic Scaling in Living Systems

Rediscovering and Reviving Old Observations and Explanations of Metabolic Scaling in Living Systems

Lower resting metabolic rate and higher velocity of weight gain in a prospective study of stunted vs nonstunted girls living in the shantytowns of São Paulo, Brazil

Mechanisms of changes in basal metabolism during ageing

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