The Relation of Planum Temporale Asymmetry and Morphology of the Corpus Callosum to Handedness, Gender, and Dyslexia: A Review of the Evidence

Beaton, Alan A.

doi:10.1006/brln.1997.1825

Cited by 223 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 205 publications

(288 reference statements)

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“…Although much research has been dedicated to understanding how sex, handedness and schizophrenia influence structural lateralization, results remain relatively mixed, particularly at the regional level (Beaton, 1997;Shapleske et al, 1999;Toga et al, in press). Nonetheless, empirical evidence supporting presence of greater structural asymmetries in men compared to women are relatively well replicated in perisylvian brain regions (Wada et al, 1975;Witelson and Kigar, 1992;Kulynych et al, 1994;Good et al, 2001;Knaus et al, 2004), where sex effects have also been shown to be influenced by handedness (Witelson and Kigar, 1992;Jancke et al, 1994;Kulynych et al, 1994).…”

Section: Sex Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sex differences and/or interactions between sex and handedness are also found to moderate asymmetries in several cortical areas, most notably in perisylvian regions (Geschwind and Galaburda, 1985;Ide et al, 1996;Paus et al, 1996;Beaton, 1997;Wisniewski, 1998;Amunts et al, 2000) and to influence hemispheric torque (Bear et al, 1986;Zilles et al, 1996). Greater structural lateralization is typically reported in men, although several studies fail to detect sex differences (Foundas et al, 1999;Watkins et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Asymmetries of cortical shape: Effects of handedness, sex and schizophrenia

Narr¹,

Bilder²,

Lüders³

et al. 2007

NeuroImage

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Some evidence suggests that sex, handedness and disease processes associated with schizophrenia affect the magnitude and/or direction of structural brain asymmetries. There are mixed findings, however, on how these factors influence cerebral torque, when torque is assessed with linear or volumetric measurements. We obtained MRI data from 67 healthy (30 males, 10 non-dextrals) and 84 schizophrenia subjects (60 males; 16 non-dextrals) and applied cortical pattern matching to spatially relate and compare differences in the surface morphology of the two cerebral hemispheres at high spatial resolution. Asymmetry indices, computed at thousands of matched hemispheric locations, were used to examine effects of sex, handedness and schizophrenia on hemispheric shape asymmetries while controlling for age and the other factors. Highly significant and discriminative right-frontal and left parietal-occipital surface expansions and protrusions (petalias) were mapped within groups. Although hemispheric shape asymmetries appeared less pronounced within female non-dextrals, asymmetry indices were not shown to differ significantly across sex, hand preference or diagnosis, or to reveal interactions of handedness with sex or diagnosis. Our 3D maps of spatially detailed anterior and posterior hemispheric shape asymmetries reflect subtle geometric distortions in hemispheric surface morphology that cannot be characterized with 2D or volumetric methods. Inter-individual variations in hemispheric torque appear minimally influenced by sex, dextrality or disease status. Biological factors driving language dominance or other lateralized brain functions dissociable from handedness, may more closely relate to hemispheric shape asymmetries, while the lateralization of other discrete brain

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Section: Sex Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetries of cortical shape: Effects of handedness, sex and schizophrenia

Narr¹,

Bilder²,

Lüders³

et al. 2007

NeuroImage

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show abstract

“…For example, the planum temporale (PT) and frontal operculum (FO), regions corresponding to the classically-defined language centers of the human cerebral cortex, tend to be larger in the left compared to right hemisphere, particularly among right-handed individuals (Beaton, 1997;Foundas et al, 1998;Shapleske et al, 1999). Historically, the presence of behavioral and neuroanatomical asymmetries has been considered unique to hominin evolution (Corballis, 1992;Ettlinger, 1988;Warren, 1980); however, recent studies in nonhuman animals, and particularly nonhuman primates, have challenged this view (Hopkins, 2007;Rogers and Andrew, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gray matter asymmetries in chimpanzees as revealed by voxel-based morphometry

et al. 2008

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Determination of whether nonhuman primates exhibit neuroanatomical asymmetries would inform our understanding of the evolution of traits in humans that show functional hemispheric dominance, including language and handedness. Here we report the first evidence of population-level asymmetries in the chimpanzee neocortex using voxel-based morphology (VBM). MRI scans of the brain were collected in a sample of 31 chimpanzees including 9 males and 22 females, and the resulting images were segmented into gray matter, white matter and CSF. Gray matter images were then co-registered to a template and these normally oriented volumes were flipped on the left-right axis to create mirror volumes. In total, significant asymmetries were found in 13 regions including several that have been described previously in great apes using traditional region-of-interest approaches. The results from this VBM analysis support previous reports of hemispheric lateralization in chimpanzees and reinforce the view that asymmetries in the central nervous system are not uniquely human.Dating back to the time of Dax, Broca and Wernicke, it has been well documented that the human brain is asymmetrically organized, particularly for regions associated with handedness and language functions. For example, the planum temporale (PT) and frontal operculum (FO), regions corresponding to the classically-defined language centers of the human cerebral cortex, tend to be larger in the left compared to right hemisphere, particularly among right-handed individuals (Beaton, 1997;Foundas et al., 1998;Shapleske et al., 1999). Historically, the presence of behavioral and neuroanatomical asymmetries has been considered unique to hominin evolution (Corballis, 1992;Ettlinger, 1988;Warren, 1980); however, recent studies in nonhuman animals, and particularly nonhuman primates, have challenged this view (Hopkins, 2007;Rogers and Andrew, 2002). For instance, post-mortem and in vivo imaging studies have revealed population-level leftward asymmetries in the PT and FO of great ape brains (Cantalupo and Hopkins, 2001;Cantalupo et al., 2003; Gannon et al., 1998), suggesting Correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed to Dr. William D. Hopkins, Division of Psychobiology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322. E-mail: whopkin@emory.edu or whopkins@agnesscott.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. that neuroanatomical asymmetries are not uniquely human but rather reflect a shared trait that was present in the last common ancestor of humans and great apes. These...

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“…More particularly, neuroanatomical asymmetry, which has been presumed to be associated with functional lateralization (Amunts et al, 2000;Beaton, 1997;Kennedy et al, 1999;Moffat et al, 1998;Springer and Deutsch, 1998), has been found at the cytoarchitectronic level (Galaburda et al, 1978b;Rosen et al, 1993), in macrostructural volumes (Geschwind, 1972), and in morphometry (Sowell et al, 2002;Lancaster et al, 2003). Most typically, areas of macrostructural asymmetry include right frontal and left occipital petalias , the Sylvian fissures (Galaburda et al, 1978a;Sowell et al, 2002;Westbury et al, 1999), and the superior temporal plane, especially involving the planum temporale and Heschl gyrus (Anderson et al, 1999;Beaton, 1997;Galaburda et al, 1978b;Good et al, 2001;Moffat et al, 1998;Pujol et al, 2002;Watkins et al, 2001). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White matter hemisphere asymmetries in healthy subjects and in schizophrenia: a diffusion tensor MRI study

et al. 2004

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Hemisphere asymmetry was explored in normal healthy subjects and in patients with schizophrenia using a novel voxel-based tensor analysis applied to fractional anisotropy (FA) of the diffusion tensor. Our voxel-based approach, which requires precise spatial normalization to remove the misalignment of fiber tracts, includes generating a symmetrical group average template of the diffusion tensor by applying nonlinear elastic warping of the demons algorithm. We then normalized all 32 diffusion tensor MRIs from healthy subjects and 23 from schizophrenic subjects to the symmetrical average template. For each brain, six channels of tensor component images and one T2-weighted image were used for registration to match tensor orientation and shape between images. A statistical evaluation of white matter asymmetry was then conducted on the normalized FA images and their flipped images. In controls, we found left-higher-than-right anisotropic asymmetry in the anterior part of the corpus callosum, cingulum bundle, the optic radiation, and the superior cerebellar peduncle, and right-higher-than-left anisotropic asymmetry in the anterior limb of the internal capsule and the anterior limb's prefrontal regions, in the uncinate fasciculus, and in the superior longitudinal fasciculus. In patients, the asymmetry was lower, although still present, in the cingulum bundle and the anterior corpus callosum, and not found in the anterior limb of the internal capsule, the uncinate fasciculus, and the superior cerebellar peduncle compared to healthy subjects. These findings of anisotropic asymmetry pattern differences between healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia are likely related to neuro-developmental abnormalities in schizophrenia.

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The Relation of Planum Temporale Asymmetry and Morphology of the Corpus Callosum to Handedness, Gender, and Dyslexia: A Review of the Evidence

Cited by 223 publications

References 205 publications

Asymmetries of cortical shape: Effects of handedness, sex and schizophrenia

Asymmetries of cortical shape: Effects of handedness, sex and schizophrenia

Gray matter asymmetries in chimpanzees as revealed by voxel-based morphometry

White matter hemisphere asymmetries in healthy subjects and in schizophrenia: a diffusion tensor MRI study

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