The Relation of Structure and Critical Concentration to the Bactericidal Activity of Quaternary Ammonium Salts<sup>1</sup>

Cella, James A.; Eggenberger, D. N.; Noel, D. R.; Harriman, L. A.; Harwood, H. James

doi:10.1021/ja01128a061

Cited by 53 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The most effective alkyl chain length on bactericidal activity is in the vicinity of C16, depending upon the test organisms and detergents. The optimum alkyl chain lengths reported are C18 on E. coli and C16 on M. aureus for alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride [2] and C14 on M. pyogenes var. aureus and S. typhosa for alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride [5].…”

Section: Comparison Of the Reduction Of Dielectric Dispersion Of Yeasmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dielectric properties of yeast cells: Effect of some ionic detergents on the plasma membranes

1977

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Summary. Dielectric measurements were made on suspensions of yeast cells treated with two homologous series of sodium alkyl (Cs, C10, C12, C~4) sulfonates and alkyl (Cs, Clo, C12, C14, C16, C18) benzyl dimethyl ammonium chlorides over a frequency range of 10 kHz to 100 MHz. Dielectric dispersions observed for the suspensions of intact yeast cells are found to be reduced by treatment with these detergents, the reduction being accompanied by a decrease in packed volume of the ceils and by a leakage of intracellular compounds. The reduction of dielectric dispersions is considered to be caused by a decrease in volume of the cells in suspensions and an increase in conductivity of the cell membranes. An effect of the alkyl chain length of the detergents on the reduction of dielectric dispersions is also examined for these ionic detergents. The reducing effect shows the maximum at the alkyl chain C~4 for sodium alkyl sulfonates and at C16 for alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chlorides. These results are consistent with hemolysis and bactericidal activity.It is known from many examples [8] that suspensions of biological cells show marked dielectric dispersions due to the Maxwell-Wagner mechanism, because the cells are covered with poorly conducting surface membranes. An increase in electrical conductivity of cell membranes gives rise to a reduction of the dielectric dispersions, so that the dielectric approach is useful to detect the change in membrane conductivity and the destruction of membranes caused by treatments with detergents, organic solvents, heat, freezing and thawing, and so on. However, little work has so far been reported on the effects of such treatments on the dielectric dispersions. The dielectric approach is particularly effective for cells covered with cell walls, since changes in dielectric properties of cell membranes can readily be examined without removing cell walls owing to little contribution of the cell walls to the dielectric dispersion of cell suspensions.

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Section: Comparison Of the Reduction Of Dielectric Dispersion Of Yeasmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dielectric properties of yeast cells: Effect of some ionic detergents on the plasma membranes

1977

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“…In other words, synergistic action of hydrophobic groups and hydrophilic ones of the surfactant ion makes it possess strong bactericidal activity. [35][36][37] The double-alky chains of gemini surfactant molecule can simultaneously interact with the cell lipid layer at the same time, enhancing the effectiveness of the sterilization, so bacteriostatic capability of G n Cl 2 are stronger than the corresponding single-chain surfactant. [38][39][40] Judging from Table 4, G 12 Cl 2 , G 14 Cl 2 , G 16 Cl 2 are all antibacterial to Escherchia, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the sterilization ability increases as the chain length at the same concentration.…”

Section: Bacteriostatic Capabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Surface Activity and Bacteriostasis of a Series of Gemini Cationic Surfactants

Yin

et al. 2010

Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology

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0 N 0 -tetramethyl-dichloride has been synthesized with R (CH 3 ) 2 N (R = C n H 2nþ1 , n ¼ 12, 14, 16), hydrogen chloride and epoxy chloropropane as raw materials. The products have been characterized by element analysis and 1 H NMR spectra. Fundamental interfacial behavior of the surfactant at the air/water interface has been investigated by means of surface tension measurements to provide an insight into relationship between the structure of the hydrophobic moiety and the surfactant properties. Foam performance and bacteriostasis in aqueous solution have been investigated. The results indicate that the gemini cationic surfactants have strong surface activity. The surface activity is relevant to the number of carbon atoms in the hydrophobic tail of surfactant molecule. The longer the alkyl chain is, the stronger the surface activity and the lower the critical micelle concentration will be. G 12 Cl 2 solution possesses the best performance of the foaming ability and foam stability at 298.15 K, but bubbly and stability efficiency is the lowest among the three systems. Bacteriostasis of the surfactants has been determined with disk diffusion on filter paper. The results show that all of the newly synthesized double quaternary ammoniums possess quite good bacteriostasis.

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“…The applications of these treatments to any molecular system containing hexacoordinate atoms (e.g., transition metal ions in metalloenzymes) necessarily entails knowledge of a set of six d2sp3 hybrid orbitals, composed of linear combinations of the hydrogenic s, p , and d orbitals, to describe the bonding situation and to provide the appropriate orbitals for the calculation of .rr-electron energies, charge densities, and other indexes of molecular reactivity (2). Among these are molecular orbital theory and ligand field theory.…”

Section: Sirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Long-Chain Alcohols and Alkyltrimethylammonium Bromides

Barry

Saunders

1971

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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The Relation of Structure and Critical Concentration to the Bactericidal Activity of Quaternary Ammonium Salts¹

Cited by 53 publications

References 2 publications

Dielectric properties of yeast cells: Effect of some ionic detergents on the plasma membranes

Dielectric properties of yeast cells: Effect of some ionic detergents on the plasma membranes

Study on Surface Activity and Bacteriostasis of a Series of Gemini Cationic Surfactants

Direct Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Long-Chain Alcohols and Alkyltrimethylammonium Bromides

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The Relation of Structure and Critical Concentration to the Bactericidal Activity of Quaternary Ammonium Salts1

Cited by 53 publications

References 2 publications

Dielectric properties of yeast cells: Effect of some ionic detergents on the plasma membranes

Dielectric properties of yeast cells: Effect of some ionic detergents on the plasma membranes

Study on Surface Activity and Bacteriostasis of a Series of Gemini Cationic Surfactants

Direct Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Long-Chain Alcohols and Alkyltrimethylammonium Bromides

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The Relation of Structure and Critical Concentration to the Bactericidal Activity of Quaternary Ammonium Salts¹