The relation of turgor pressure to cell volume inNitella with special reference to mechanical properties of the cell wall

Kamiya, Nobuo; Tazawa, Masashi; Takata, T.

doi:10.1007/bf01252073

Cited by 86 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…Kamiya et al (17) showed that when pressure in a cell wall tube of Nitellaflexilis was increased in steps and then decreased with the same steps, the volume changes of the wall ' The values of e found for plants range over 3 orders of magnitude (25). For the giant-celled algae maximum values of e range from 0.06 MPa for Halicystis parvula (13) to 70 MPa for Chara corrallina (10).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Kamiya et al (17) showed that when pressure in a cell wall tube of Nitellaflexilis was increased in steps and then decreased with the same steps, the volume changes of the wall ' For the giant-celled algae the pressure probe method has generally been used (25). This method measures the apparently instantaneous change in turgor pressure after the cell volume is changed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurements of e using these methods have been referred to as stationary e values (ae) (24). All available evidence indicates that E. is considerably less than ai (17,24) …”

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Water Relations of Seagrasses

Tyerman¹

1982

Plant Physiol.

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The stationary volumetric elastic modulus (a.) When a plant cell is subjected to a change in water potential (A'2), water will flow across the cell membranes, and the cels will swell or shrink until a new equilibrium is achieved. The extent to which a cell changes in volume is determined by the cell water capacity (C) (9) which is dependent on the cell wall elasticity, intracellular osmotic pressure (Hi), and cell volume (v), i.e. C = A V/A* = V/(E + II). For cells with rigid cell walls, the volumetric elastic modulus (e) is the dominating factor in cell water capacity (9). Knowing the value of e allows us to predict the response of a plant cell to a particular change in water potential.For a particular plant cell e is rarely a constant; it is usually found to increase with increasing turgor pressure (P) (4,14,16,22) and it can be volume-dependent (16,22).The value of e may also depend on whether the cell is swelling or shrinking. Kamiya et al. (17) showed that when pressure in a cell wall tube of Nitellaflexilis was increased in steps and then decreased with the same steps, the volume changes of the wall ' For the giant-celled algae the pressure probe method has generally been used (25). This method measures the apparently instantaneous change in turgor pressure after the cell volume is changed. The calculated e (e = APV/A V) is a measure of the instantaneous elastic response. This value of e has been referred to as the instantaneous e (ai) (24). When cell volume is measured as a function of cell water potential to estimate e (eg. the Scholander Bomb method [4] or the linear displacement transducer method [14]), cell water pntential equilibrium has to be obtained before the measurement of volume is taken. This results in the cell wall being under a different stress and strain for longer periods than for the case of ai measurements. Measurements of e using these methods have been referred to as stationary e values (ae) (24). All available evidence indicates that E. is considerably less than ai (17,24)

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confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

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Water Relations of Seagrasses

Tyerman¹

1982

Plant Physiol.

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“…Cosgrove (1993) reviewed methods that have been used to gauge these respective aspects of cell wall mechanics, and Schopfer (2006) discussed pitfalls in data interpretation that can result from not appreciating this distinction. Yet, ever since Kamiya et al (1963), it has been clear that plant cell walls exhibit viscoelastic properties like retarded elasticity, and most workers since Probine and Preston (1962) have assumed that these properties should be important to cell growth and/or other aspects of plant cell function that depend on cell wall behavior (Thompson, 2008).…”

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Mechanical Properties of Plant Cell Walls Probed by Relaxation Spectra

et al. 2010

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Transformants and mutants with altered cell wall composition are expected to display a biomechanical phenotype due to the structural role of the cell wall. It is often quite difficult, however, to distinguish the mechanical behavior of a mutant's or transformant's cell walls from that of the wild type. This may be due to the plant's ability to compensate for the wall modification or because the biophysical method that is often employed, determination of simple elastic modulus and breakstrength, lacks the resolving power necessary for detecting subtle mechanical phenotypes. Here, we apply a method, determination of relaxation spectra, which probes, and can separate, the viscoelastic properties of different cell wall components (i.e. those properties that depend on the elastic behavior of load-bearing wall polymers combined with viscous interactions between them). A computer program, BayesRelax, that deduces relaxation spectra from appropriate rheological measurements is presented and made accessible through a Web interface. BayesRelax models the cell wall as a continuum of relaxing elements, and the ability of the method to resolve small differences in cell wall mechanical properties is demonstrated using tuber tissue from wild-type and transgenic potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) that differ in rhamnogalacturonan I side chain structure.

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“…that one effect of at is to cause a longitudinal stress a{ which would be subtracted from <?i (10). In the case of the cell, it is therefore possible, on a first approach, to reduce the effect of turgor pressure (P) to a simple tension, the force (F) value of which would be:…”

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Extensibility and rheology of collenchyma I. Creep relaxation and viscoelasticity of young and senescent cells

Jaccard

Pilet

1975

Plant and Cell Physiology

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The extensibility of collenchyma cells was methodologically analyzed; extensibility (elasticity and plasticity) and rheology of this tissue are discussed. Experimental conditions are described. Rheological data for young and senescent cells were obtained; they were found to be not Boltzmannian. The permanent strain is not viscous, and is larger for young cells than older ones.Previous observations (17, 18) have shown that collenchyma cells are useful for extensibility experiments. The problem of the extensibility of these cells will be considered here methodologically. In order to describe the analyzing technique, the results of creep relaxation will be compared with those related to physical analysis of polymers. First, several general questions have to be discussed.Clearly, the elongation rate is related both to turgor pressure and deformability of the wall (8,20). On the other hand, wall extensibility is essential for growing cells (5,14). It depends on the metabolism and has been very often associated with protein formation (4, 7). The deformability of the wall can be analyzed also by comparing it with the physical properties of some polymers. The aim of such assays is to discover the physical nature of the wall by analyzing stress relaxation by rheological measurements. This can be easily done by simple tension with a pulled bar.Measuring extensibility and deformability is not an easy task; the stress developed in the cell wall is not a simple tension, but a hydrostatic one. A cellular model was proposed (11) and is presented in Fig.

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The relation of turgor pressure to cell volume inNitella with special reference to mechanical properties of the cell wall

Cited by 86 publications

References 10 publications

Water Relations of Seagrasses

Water Relations of Seagrasses

Mechanical Properties of Plant Cell Walls Probed by Relaxation Spectra

Extensibility and rheology of collenchyma I. Creep relaxation and viscoelasticity of young and senescent cells

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