The relations between childhood maltreatment, shame, guilt, depression and suicidal ideation in inpatient adolescents

Sękowski, Marcin; Gambin, Małgorzata; Cudo, Andrzej; Woźniak‐Prus, Małgorzata; Penner, Francesca; Fonagy, Peter; Sharp, Carla

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.056

Cited by 66 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Generalized guilt and shame have been linked with types of childhood maltreatment (Sekowski et al ., 2020; Wojcik, Cox, & Kealy, 2019) and may reflect internalized beliefs about self‐other relations, with guilt evoking self‐reproach and shame signifying anticipated humiliation (Kernberg, 1984). Patients with excessive guilt may imagine their actions (or inaction) to burden or weaken others, giving rise to suicidal distress as a distorted interpersonal motive to unencumber others.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research has tended to indicate shame as being more clearly and strongly linked with psychopathology and dysfunction – including self‐injurious and suicidal behaviour – than guilt (Kim, Thibodeau, & Jorgensen, 2011; Sheehy et al ., 2019). Nevertheless, studies among some clinical populations have shown significant associations between guilt and suicidality (e.g., Bryan et al ., 2015; Cunningham et al ., 2017), even after accounting for the effects of shame (Bryan, Morrow, Etienne, & Ray, 2013; Sekowski et al ., 2020). One challenge in teasing out the effects of shame and guilt is the overlap between them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shame, guilt, and suicidal thoughts: The interaction matters

Kealy

Treeby

Rice

2021

British J Clinic Psychol

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Objectives This study examined associations between generalized shame and guilt, and suicidal ideation. Methods Individuals attending outpatient mental health services (N = 100) completed study measures at a single time point. Correlation and regression analyses examined associations between recent suicidal ideation and generalized shame and guilt, both concurrently and interacting, controlling for depressive symptoms and history of previous suicide attempt. Results When examined concurrently, guilt – but not shame – remained significantly associated with suicidal ideation, after accounting for effects of depressive symptoms and past suicide attempt. A significant shame × guilt interaction revealed the association between guilt and suicidal ideation intensified with higher shame. Conclusions Findings emphasize consideration of generalized shame and guilt – and their interaction – when working with patients exhibiting suicidal thoughts. Practitioner points Shame and guilt are self‐conscious emotions that, when generalized and excessive, may confer risk for suicidal ideation Generalized guilt may be uniquely linked with suicidal ideation, yet this association may also amplified by shame Both shame and guilt – and their interaction – are important to consider when working with patients exhibiting suicidal thoughts

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shame, guilt, and suicidal thoughts: The interaction matters

Kealy

Treeby

Rice

2021

British J Clinic Psychol

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“…Some factors have already been associated with a higher disposition for experiencing feelings of guilt and shame in adolescents, for example, gender [14], childhood maltreatment [15], parenting style [16], or bullying [17]. However, we could presume that other factors will also be involved, including religiosity and spirituality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Psychometric Evaluation of the Guilt and Shame Experience Scale (GSES) on a Representative Adolescent Sample: A Low Differentiation between Guilt and Shame

Maliňáková

Fürstová

Kalman

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The Guilt and Shame Experience Scale (GSES) is a new, brief self-report instrument for assessing experiences of guilt and shame. It includes two distinct scales: feelings of shame and feelings of guilt. The present report focuses on results from a final validation study using a nationally representative sample of 7899 adolescents (M age = 14.5 ± 1.1 years, 50.7% boys) who participated in the 2014 Health Behavior in School-aged Children study. For factor analysis, the dataset was divided into two groups. One group (n = 3950) was used for the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and the second (n = 3949) for the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The EFA results in a one-factor model of the GSES scale, while the CFA suggests a two-factor solution mirroring two scales, feelings of shame and feelings of guilt. Both models have a good fit to the data, and the scale also showed high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.89). A nonparametric comparison of different sociodemographic groups showed a higher disposition for experiencing guilt and shame among girls, students of the ninth grade, and religious respondents. A comparison of the results to previously published results obtained from adults indicates that adolescence is a developmental period involving low differentiation between moral emotions like guilt and shame compared with adulthood. Moreover, positive association with religious attendance shows a need of addressing these issues in a pastoral care setting.

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“…More ACEs were associated with more severe depression, anxiety, and insomnia among adolescents with FPVEs, consistent with past studies and developmental psychopathology theory, as mentioned above [ 28 ]. One explanation may be that these ACEs interrupted the normal development of adolescence, leading to mental health problems [ 64 , 65 ]. We also found that weak SC was a decisive risk factor for mental health problems, which supported the previous studies [ 66 , 67 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Correlates of Mental Health Problems among Chinese Adolescents with Frequent Peer Victimization Experiences

et al. 2021

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This study investigated the prevalence and correlates of mental health outcomes, particularly depression, anxiety, and insomnia, in adolescents with frequent peer victimization experiences (FPVEs). In this cross-sectional study, 490 adolescents reported having FPVEs (prevalence, 4.2%; mean age, 13.40 ± 1.38 years old; 52.2% male) completed a series of surveys to evaluate their demographic factors and mental health status. The results showed that the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia were 50.3%, 33.8%, and 40.2%, respectively. Older age, being female, being left behind, and more adverse childhood experiences were correlated with more symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among adolescents with FPVEs. At the same time, social support and self-compassion were good for ameliorating these mental health problems. Implications for intervention programs designed to improve the mental health of adolescents with FPVEs were also discussed.

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The relations between childhood maltreatment, shame, guilt, depression and suicidal ideation in inpatient adolescents

Cited by 66 publications

References 88 publications

Shame, guilt, and suicidal thoughts: The interaction matters

Shame, guilt, and suicidal thoughts: The interaction matters

A Psychometric Evaluation of the Guilt and Shame Experience Scale (GSES) on a Representative Adolescent Sample: A Low Differentiation between Guilt and Shame

Prevalence and Correlates of Mental Health Problems among Chinese Adolescents with Frequent Peer Victimization Experiences

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