The Relationship Among Obesity, Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance

Bastard, Jean‐Philippe; Fève, Bruno

doi:10.1002/9781118395318.ch17

Cited by 312 publications

(434 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…In an obese state, the AT actively secretes different proinflammatory molecules such as TNF-α and IL-6 (Bastard et al 2006), which exert their effects on metabolism. Macrophage infiltration, present in AT of mice-sensitive to diet-induced obesity (DIO), depends more on cells in the stromal vascular fraction of AT than fat cells per se (Tchkonia et al 2010;Weisberg et al 2003).…”

Section: Inflammation and Ageing Inflammagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and related consequences to ageing

Jura

Kozak

2016

AGE

344

203

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Obesity has become a major public health problem. Given the current increase in life expectancy, the prevalence of obesity also raises steadily among older age groups. The increase in life expectancy is often accompanied with additional years of susceptibility to chronic ill health associated with obesity in the elderly. Both obesity and ageing are conditions leading to serious health problems and increased risk for disease and death. Ageing is associated with an increase in abdominal obesity, a major contributor to insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. Obesity in the elderly is thus a serious concern and comprehension of the key mechanisms of ageing and age-related diseases has become a necessary matter. Here, we aimed to identify similarities underlying mechanisms related to both obesity and ageing. We bring together evidence that age-related changes in body fat distribution and metabolism might be key factors of a vicious cycle that can accelerate the ageing process and onset of age-related diseases.

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Section: Inflammation and Ageing Inflammagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and related consequences to ageing

Jura

Kozak

2016

AGE

344

203

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“…The metabolic profiles of peripartal cows mimic those of patients suffering from type II diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (Bastard et al, 2006;Tilg and Moschen, 2008). An insulin-resistant state is normally observed in most cows during the transition period in order to ensure a shift in nutrient supply from muscle and adipose to the mammary gland for milk synthesis (Bauman, 2000).…”

Section: Strategies For Preventing Disease During Early Lactationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition, immune function and health of dairy cattle

Ingvartsen

Moyes

2013

Animal

267

214

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The large increase in milk yield and the structural changes in the dairy industry have caused major changes in the housing, feeding and management of the dairy cow. However, while large improvements have occurred in production and efficiency, the disease incidence, based on veterinary records, does not seem to be improved. Earlier reviews have covered critical periods such as the transition period in the cow and its influence on health and immune function, the interplay between the endocrine system and the immune system and nutrition and immune function. Knowledge on these topics is crucial for our understanding of disease risk and our effort to develop health and welfare improving strategies, including proactive management for preventing diseases and reducing the severity of diseases. To build onto this the main purpose of this review will therefore be on the effect of physiological imbalance (PI) on immune function, and to give perspectives for prevention of diseases in the dairy cow through nutrition. To a large extent, the health problems during the periparturient period relate to cows having difficulty in adapting to the nutrient needs for lactation. This may result in PI, a situation where the regulatory mechanisms are insufficient for the animals to function optimally leading to a high risk of a complex of digestive, metabolic and infectious problems. The risk of infectious diseases will be increased if the immune competence is reduced. Nutrition plays a pivotal role in the immune response and the effect of nutrition may be directly through nutrients or indirectly by metabolites, for example, in situations with PI. This review discusses the complex relationships between metabolic status and immune function and how these complex interactions increase the risk of disease during early lactation. A special focus will be placed on the major energetic fuels currently known to be used by immune cells (i.e. glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate and glutamine) and how certain metabolic states, such as degree of negative energy balance and risk of PI, contribute to immunosuppression during the periparturient period. Finally, we will address some issues on disease prevention through nutrition.

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“…It has become evident that the activation of inflammation and oxidative stress is involved in the development of obesity and its complications [2,[5][6][7] . The chronic inflammation caused by the recruitment of macrophages and the secretion of chemok- [5,6] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is now widely accepted that the activation of inflammatory and oxidative stress is one of the common causes of obesity and largely contributes to the related pathological outcomes [2][3][4] . Several factors are responsible for inflammation in obesity, such as elevated nuclear-factor kappaB (NF-κB) activity, the presence of free fatty acids, and increased levels of adipokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukins (ILs), resistin and leptin [2,5,6] . Oxidative stress activates kinases such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and inhibits NF-κB kinase (IKK).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of ALOX15 gene polymorphisms with obesity-related phenotypes in Chinese nuclear families with male offspring

Xiao

et al. 2012

Acta Pharmacol Sin

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Aim: Genetic variation in ALOX12, which encoded human 12-lipoxygenase, was found to be associated with fat mass in young Chinese men. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes in the ALOX15 gene and obesity-related phenotypes in Chinese nuclear families with male offspring. Methods: We recruited 1,296 subjects from 427 nuclear families with male offspring and genotyped five SNPs (rs9894225, rs748694, rs2619112, rs2619118, and rs916055) in the ALOX15 gene locus. The total fat mass (TFM), trunk fat mass (tFM), leg fat mass (LFM) and arm fat mass (AFM) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The percentage of fat mass (PFM) was the ratio of TFM and body weight. The association between SNPs and haplotypes of ALOX15 and obesity-related phenotypic variation was measured using quantitative transmission disequilibrium test (QTDT). Results: Using QTDT to measure family-based genetic association, we found that rs916055 had a statistically significant association with PFM (P=0.038), whereas rs916055 had a marginal but statistically insignificant association with tFM (P=0.093). The multipleparameter 1000 permutations test agreed with the family-based association results: both showed that rs916055 had a statistically significant association with PFM (P=0.033). Conclusion: rs916055 in ALOX15 gene was significantly associated with the percentage of fat mass in Chinese nuclear families with male offspring in the family-based association study using QTDT approach.

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The Relationship Among Obesity, Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance

Cited by 312 publications

References 89 publications

Obesity and related consequences to ageing

Obesity and related consequences to ageing

Nutrition, immune function and health of dairy cattle

Association of ALOX15 gene polymorphisms with obesity-related phenotypes in Chinese nuclear families with male offspring

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