The Relationship Between Adult Size and Brooding in Marine Invertebrates

Strathmann, Richard R.; Strathmann, Megumi F.

doi:10.1086/283892

Cited by 252 publications

(209 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

197

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It is also well known that taxa composed of smaller individuals tend to have nonpelagic development, while those with larger individuals tend to have planktotrophic, pelagic development (reviewed by Strathmann and Strathmann, 1982). This observation is also based on fecundity: small animals cannot produce enough offspring for any of them to have much chance of surviving the high mortality faced in the plankton.…”

Section: Small Adult Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Brooding and Species Diversity in the Southern Ocean: Selection for Brooders or Speciation within Brooding Clades?

Pearse¹,

Mooi²,

Lockhart³

et al. 2009

Smithsonian at the Poles : Contributions to International Polar Year Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Small Adult Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Brooding and Species Diversity in the Southern Ocean: Selection for Brooders or Speciation within Brooding Clades?

Pearse¹,

Mooi²,

Lockhart³

et al. 2009

Smithsonian at the Poles : Contributions to International Polar Year Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Small species must endow fewer, larger larvae with yolk supply, often brooding them before a relatively brief planktonic period, to increase survivorship. The body volume of larger species allows them to produce sufficient numbers of small larvae that feed in the plankton for long periods that some offspring survive despite heavy mortality (57,58). Size frequency distributions for both body size (Fig.…”

Section: Life History Patterns Of Reef Stomatopodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Body size is positively correlated with fecundity and colonizing ability in most marine invertebrates (27,28,56,(58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64)(65)(66). Stomatopods share the following characteristics with taxa in both marine and terrestrial environments.…”

Section: Life History Patterns Of Reef Stomatopodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of biodiversity and endemism on Indo-West Pacific coral reefs

Reaka

Rodgers

Kudla

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diversity of the primary groups of contemporary Indo-West Pacific coral reef organisms, including mantis shrimps (stomatopod crustaceans), peaks in the Indo-Australian Archipelago (IAA), reaches a lower peak in East Africa and Madagascar [Indian Ocean continental (IOC)], and declines in the central Indian Ocean (IO) and Central Pacific (CP). Percent endemism in stomatopods (highest in the IAA, high in the IOC, lower in regions adjacent to centers, and moderate in the CP) correlates positively with species diversity (this varies with scale) and inversely with species body size. Because it constrains reproductive traits and dispersal, body size is a reliable indicator of speciation and extinction potential in reef stomatopods and probably most marine organisms. Assemblages are dominated by small-sized species in the IAA and IOC. Both speciation and extinction likely are high, resulting in especially high endemism (small ranges reflect both originating and disappearing species) in these regions. Rates of speciation exceed extinction, yielding centers of diversity (especially in the IAA). Dispersal slows speciation and extinction in areas adjacent to these centers. Body size declines toward the CP, especially in atoll environments. Here the wheels of speciation and extinction again spin rapidly but in the opposite direction (extinction > speciation), yielding low diversity and moderate endemism. We conclude that life histories, dispersal, and speciation/extinction dynamics are primary agents that mold patterns of diversity and endemism. Historical factors, currents, productivity, and species diversity itself (through ecological interactions) also influence these patterns, in some cases by altering body size.hot spots ͉ stomatopod ͉ life history ͉ geographic range ͉ body size B eing repositories of ancient phyla as well as more recent specialized taxa, coral reefs are among the most spectacular, productive, diverse (per unit area), and threatened ecosystems on earth. Organisms they house provide a critical source of protein for people in many tropical countries, and reefs themselves protect human populations from storm and wave damage. Coral reefs provide aesthetic beauty (and the bioeroded sand on beaches) for tourism-an increasingly important economic resource for developing tropical countries. However, tourism and other uses of reefs must be carefully managed to be of sustainable economic benefit. A fundamental value of coral reefs is that they provide an aesthetic, intellectual, educational, and cultural heritage for present and future generations.Threats to global coral reefs, however, are severe and well documented (1-9). Overexploitation has been identified as an especially serious problem, but other threats include coastal development and sedimentation, pollution, global warming, disease, and ocean acidification. The Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network reports that 20% of global coral reefs already have been degraded beyond recovery, an additional 24% are under imminent threat of collapse, and a further 26% ...

show abstract

“…Thus, most analyses of benthic invertebrate reproductive strategies have focused on fecundity and the subsequent survival of the larvae as the rate-limiting steps controlling successful recruitment (for instance, Vance, 1973;Strathmann, 1978Strathmann, , 1985Strathmann and Strathmann, 1982;Roughgarden, 1989). Assumptions that are implicit in these analyses are that eggs are readily fertilized, that fertilization rates are relatively uniform over time and space, and that the proportion of eggs fertilized is independent of reproductive strategy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ Rates of Fertilization Among Broadcast Spawning Gorgonian Corals

Lasker

Brazeau

Calderón

et al. 1996

The Biological Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Fertilization rates among marine benthic taxa have implicitly been assumed to be uniformly high in most analyses of life history evolution, but in situ fertilization rates during natural spawning events are rarely measured. Fertilization rates of the Caribbean gorgonians Plexaura kuna and Pseudoplexaura porosa were measured at a site in the San Bias Islands, Panama, by collecting eggs downstream of colonies during synchronous spawning events during the summer months in the years 1988-1994. Eggs collected by divers were incubated, and the proportion of eggs that developed was determined. Proportions of eggs developing suggest fertilization rates that vary from 0% to 100%. Monthly means ranged from 0% to 60.4%. Failure of gametes to develop can be attributed to sperm limitation, as eggs collected during spawning had higher fertilization rates if incubated with an excess of sperm. Plexaura kuna fertilization rates were highest during the July spawning events. Fertilization of Plexaura kuna eggs was usually lower during the first two nights of the 4-6 night spawning event. The proportion of eggs being fertilized when collected from a given place and time was highly variable, with one peak in the frequency distribution at or below 20% fertilization, and a second group of samples with greater fertilization rates. High variance in fertilization rates is evident at all levels of analysis: between replicate samples, times within nights, and among nights and months. This variance can be attributed to a combination of the effects of heterogeneity in the water

show abstract

The Relationship Between Adult Size and Brooding in Marine Invertebrates

Cited by 252 publications

References 23 publications

Brooding and Species Diversity in the Southern Ocean: Selection for Brooders or Speciation within Brooding Clades?

Brooding and Species Diversity in the Southern Ocean: Selection for Brooders or Speciation within Brooding Clades?

Patterns of biodiversity and endemism on Indo-West Pacific coral reefs

In situ Rates of Fertilization Among Broadcast Spawning Gorgonian Corals

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About