The relationship between adverse childhood experiences and common mental disorders among pregnant women living with HIV in Malawi

Masiano, Steven P.; Yu, Xiaoying; Tembo, Tapiwa; Wetzel, Elizabeth; Mphande, Mtisunge; Khama, Innocent; Mkandawire, Angella; Chitani, Mike J.; Liwimbi, Olive; Udedi, Michael; Mazenga, Alick; Nyasulu, Phoebe; Abrams, Elaine J.; Ahmed, Saeed; Kim, Maria H.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.028

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…In terms of population subgroups, some studies have focused on IPV among pregnant women, 46 , 47 but much less on pregnant women with HIV. Our previous work in Malawi showed that ACEs are highly prevalent (95%) among pregnant women living with HIV, 26 but we did not examine the association between ACEs and IPV. In all, gaps remain in our understanding of both the distribution of IPV and the association between IPV and ACEs among pregnant/breastfeeding women living with HIV in resource-limited settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…This recommendation can easily be extended to help address ACEs as noted in our work previously. 26 Furthermore, noting that IPV, particularly sexual violence, is not usually reported at the time it occurs, strategies to bring change at the community level must be quickly identified and introduced. Such strategies need to be multisectoral and could include proactively engaging communities and local leaders to ensure quick and safe reporting of any form of IPV, as well as the involvement of law enforcement and civil society agencies to ensure that both the women and community members who report violence are protected.…”

Section: Implications For Policy and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is particularly true about the association between IPV and other factors of similar public health importance such as adverse childhood experiences (ACE) 25 in these settings. 26 ACEs include any traumatic events such as abuse or neglect in the first 17 years of life. 27 , 28 ACEs are widespread, with nearly one billion children exposed to at least one form of ACE worldwide annually.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The prevalence, incidence, and recurrence of intimate partner violence and its association with adverse childhood experiences among pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV in Malawi

Masiano

Tembo²,

et al. 2023

Therapeutic Advances in Infection

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Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with suboptimal HIV treatment outcomes, but its distribution and risk factors among certain subpopulations of people living with HIV in resource-limited settings are not well known. We examined the prevalence, incidence, and recurrence of IPV and its association with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among pregnant/breastfeeding women living with HIV in Malawi. Methods: This study used longitudinal data for 455 pregnant women living with HIV continuously enrolled in the VITAL Start trial. IPV was assessed at baseline and months 1, 6, and 12 using the widely validated WHO IPV survey. Forms of IPV assessed were physical IPV, emotional IPV, and sexual IPV measured as prevalence, incidence, and recurrence. ACE histories were assessed using WHO’s ACE International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) tool. Logistic and log-binomial regressions were used in multivariable analyses that controlled for factors such as depression and alcohol use. Results: Participants’ mean age was 27.6 ± 5.7 years. Forty-three percent (43%) reported IPV prevalence, 13% reported IPV incidence, and another 13% reported IPV recurrence, with emotional IPV being the most commonly reported IPV type. Over 96% reported experiencing ⩾1 ACE. In regression analysis, cumulative ACE scores were significantly associated with IPV prevalence and IPV recurrence and in both cases, the magnitude of association was greatest for sexual IPV compared with physical IPV and emotional IPV. ACE scores were not significantly associated with IPV incidence. Conclusions: IPV is highly prevalent among pregnant women living with HIV and continues to occur throughout the pregnancy and postpartum period; its graded relationship with ACEs is a concern in resource-limited settings where HIV/AIDS remains a public health concern. Strategies aimed to address the needs of pregnant/breastfeeding women living with HIV may benefit from the regular screening of this population for IPV and ACE, including in antenatal care clinics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Implications For Policy and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The prevalence, incidence, and recurrence of intimate partner violence and its association with adverse childhood experiences among pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV in Malawi

Masiano

Tembo²,

et al. 2023

Therapeutic Advances in Infection

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Substantial empirical evidence from multiple countries has demonstrated that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are highly correlated with depression in adulthood [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. For example, scholars have long believed that ACEs may enhance vulnerability to psychological development throughout the course of a person’s life, specifically depression [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Moderating Effect of Contact with Children on the Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Depression in Adulthood among a Chinese Adult Population

Zhao

Wang

2022

IJERPH

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The effect of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on depression in adulthood has been identified in many studies; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To understand the moderating effect of ACEs on depression, a moderation analysis using the interaction effect model was performed based on data obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. This study found that people with ACEs had significantly lower depression scores than those without ACEs, particularly in categories such as physical abuse, emotional neglect, sibling death, parental illness/disability, parental depression, hunger, violence, and bullying. In addition, the results indicated that contact with children moderated the relationship between ACEs and depression in adulthood. Increased levels of contact with children reduced the adverse effects of parental drug abuse and the experience of starvation, but not physical abuse. This study highlights the role of family support in eliminating health disparities, which can reduce the effects of ACEs on depression in adulthood.

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Adverse childhood experiences, mental distress, self-harm and suicidality, and cumulative HIV risk by sex in Lesotho

Perry Mohling,

Recinos,

Kwiringira

et al. 2024

Child Abuse & Neglect

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The relationship between adverse childhood experiences and common mental disorders among pregnant women living with HIV in Malawi

Cited by 4 publications

References 72 publications

The prevalence, incidence, and recurrence of intimate partner violence and its association with adverse childhood experiences among pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV in Malawi

The prevalence, incidence, and recurrence of intimate partner violence and its association with adverse childhood experiences among pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV in Malawi

The Moderating Effect of Contact with Children on the Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Depression in Adulthood among a Chinese Adult Population

Adverse childhood experiences, mental distress, self-harm and suicidality, and cumulative HIV risk by sex in Lesotho

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