The relationship between air quality and respiratory pathogens among children in Suzhou City

Zhang, Dandan; Li, Yuqin; Qiu, Chen; Jiang, Yanqun; Chu, Chu; Ding, Ying; Yu, Yixue; Fan, Yujie; Shi, Jinjin; Luo, Yu; Zhou, Weifang

doi:10.1186/s13052-019-0702-2

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This finding was in agreement with the results of previous studies on the association between PM 2.5 and ILI cases in Beijing (Feng et al, 2016), and data on hospital admissions in Guangzhou related with air pollution (Zhang et al, 2014). Zhang et al (2019) assessed the short-term effects of air pollutant concentrations in Suzhou City (China) on respiratory infections in children of different age groups. The results of single-pollutant models showed that PM 2.5 , PM 10 , NO 2 , SO 2 and CO had significant associations with respiratory tract infections in children < 3 years.…”

Section: Association Of Outdoor Air Pollution and Respiratory Virusessupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of air pollutants on the transmission and severity of respiratory viral infections

Domingo

Rovira

2020

Environmental Research

296

223

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Particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ozone, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the outdoor air pollutants that are major factors in diseases, causing especially adverse respiratory effects in humans. On the other hand, the role of respiratory viruses in the pathogenesis of severe respiratory infections is an issue of great importance. The present literature review was aimed at assessing the potential effects of air pollutants on the transmission and severity of respiratory viral infections. We have reviewed the scientific literature regarding the association of outdoor air pollution and respiratory viruses on respiratory diseases. Evidence supports a clear association between air concentrations of some pollutants and human respiratory viruses interacting to adversely affect the respiratory system. Given the undoubted importance and topicality of the subject, we have paid special attention to the association between air pollutants and the transmission and severity of the effects caused by the coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2, which causes the COVID-19. Although to date, and by obvious reasons, the number of studies on this issue are still scarce, most results indicate that chronic exposure to air pollutants delays/complicates recovery of patients of COVID-19 and leads to more severe and lethal forms of this disease. This deserves immediate and in-depth experimental investigations.

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Section: Association Of Outdoor Air Pollution and Respiratory Virusessupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of air pollutants on the transmission and severity of respiratory viral infections

Domingo

Rovira

2020

Environmental Research

296

223

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“…The finding showed that increases in PM 2.5 were associated with increased rates of emergency department visits for influenza (average, 3.9%, range, 2.1-5.6%). Another study has also shown that PM 2.5 , PM 10 , NO 2 , SO 2 and CO were significantly correlated with respiratory tract infections in children under 3 years, and PM 2.5 was significantly correlated with viral respiratory diseases in children under 7 months (Zhang et al, 2019). PM 2.5 is one of the most significant air pollutants in regards to health impacts on chronic diseases, lung diseases and respiratory problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Effects of COVID-19 Measures on Air Pollutant Concentrations at Urban and Traffic Sites in Istanbul

Şahin

2020

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Since December 2019, most countries have been working to stop the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. These measures, which include restricting movement, have environmental consequences. This study assessed the impact of COVID-19 measures on air pollutant concentrations measured in urban areas and traffic stations on both the European and Asian sides of Istanbul during March 2020. Significant reductions in pollutants: 32-43% (PM 10), 19-47% (PM 2.5), 29-44% (NO 2), 40-58% (CO) and 34-69% (SO 2) were calculated. The clearest reductions at the traffic stations were in NO 2 which originates primarily from vehicle exhaust. The reduction of NO 2 at the traffic station on the European side was found higher comparing the Asian side. The average concentrations of NO 2 , PM 2.5 , PM 10 and CO during peak traffic hours were significantly (p < 0.01) decreased under COVID-19 measures. The results indicate that due to the measures taken in Istanbul and across Turkey and to control the spread of the virus, anthropogenic activities such as industry, vehicle traffic and sea transport have decreased, and consequently, air pollution has been significantly reduced. These pollutant levels demonstrate the anthropogenic contribution to air pollution and can inform clean air actions in Istanbul and in others cities throughout the world.

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“… 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 ; 15 ; 16 ; 17 ; 18 ; 19 ; 20 ; 21 ; 22 ; 23 ; 24 ; 25 ; 26 ; 27 ; 28 ; 29 ; 30 ; 31 ; 32 ; 33 ; 34 ; 35 ; 36 ; 37 ; 38 ; 39 ; 40 ; 41 ; 42 ; 43 ; 44 ; 45 ; 46 ; 47 ; 48 ; 49 ; 50 ; 51 ; 52 .…”

Section: Uncited Referencesunclassified

Urban air PM modifies differently immune defense responses against bacterial and viral infections in vitro

Shahbaz

Martikainen

Rönkkö

et al. 2021

Environmental Research

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Epidemiological evidence has shown the association between exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM) and increased susceptibility to bacterial and viral respiratory infections. However, to date, the underlying mechanisms of immunomodulatory effects of PM remain unclear. Our objective was to explore how exposure to relatively low doses of urban air PM alters innate responses to bacterial and viral stimuli in vitro. We used secondary alveolar epithelial cell line along with monocyte-derived macrophages to replicate innate lung barrier in vitro . Co-cultured cells were first exposed for 24 hours to PM 2.5-1 (particle aerodynamic diameter between 1 and 2.5μm) and subsequently for an additional 24 hours to lipopolysaccharide (TLR4), polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (TLR3), and synthetic single-stranded RNA oligoribonucleotides (TLR7/8) to mimic bacterial or viral stimulation. Toxicological endpoints included pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-α), cellular metabolic activity, and cell cycle phase distribution. We show that cells exposed to PM 2.5-1 produced higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines following stimulation with bacterial TLR4 ligand than cells exposed to PM 2.5-1 or bacterial ligand alone. On the contrary, PM 2.5-1 exposure reduced pro-inflammatory responses to viral ligands TLR3 and TLR7/8. Cell cycle analysis indicated that viral ligands induced cell cycle arrest at the G2-M phase. In PM-primed co-cultures, however, they failed to induce the G2-M phase arrest. Contrarily, bacterial stimulation caused a slight increase in cells in the sub-G1 phase but in PM 2.5-1 primed co-cultures the effect of bacterial stimulation was masked by PM 2.5-1. These findings indicate that PM 2.5-1 may alter responses of immune defense differently against bacterial and viral infections. Further studies are required to explain the mechanism of immune modulation caused by PM in altering the susceptibility to respiratory infections.

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The relationship between air quality and respiratory pathogens among children in Suzhou City

Cited by 27 publications

References 15 publications

Effects of air pollutants on the transmission and severity of respiratory viral infections

Effects of air pollutants on the transmission and severity of respiratory viral infections

The Effects of COVID-19 Measures on Air Pollutant Concentrations at Urban and Traffic Sites in Istanbul

Urban air PM modifies differently immune defense responses against bacterial and viral infections in vitro

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