The relationship between attachment and functioning for people with serious mental illness: a systematic review

Pearse, Elisabeth; Bucci, Sandra; Raphael, Jessica; Berry, Katherine

doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1767687

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…To correct for possible confounding effects, covariates were selected a priori. Age and gender were added as covariates, as well as positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and depressive symptoms, based on their putative association with attachment style or self-disturbance ( Carr et al, 2018 ; Gumley et al, 2014 ; Haug et al, 2015 ; Pearse et al, 2020 ; Rasmussen et al, 2020 ; Værnes et al, 2022 ; van Dam et al, 2014 ). The frequency of psychotic experiences was measured with the Community Assessment of Psychotic Experiences (CAPE) ( Konings et al, 2006 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attachment Style and Self-Experience

With

Haan²,

Schirmbeck³

2023

J Nerv Ment Dis

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The present study aimed to examine the cross-sectional association between attachment style and self-reported disturbed self-awareness (disturbed sense of mineness of experiences) and depersonalization (disturbed sense of first-person perspective) in patients with psychotic disorders, unaffected siblings, and healthy controls. Data pertain to a subsample of the GROUP (Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis) study. We found positive associations between anxious attachment and disturbed self-awareness and depersonalization across participants with different psychosis vulnerability. We also found a positive association between avoidant attachment and depersonalization, although on a trend level. Findings indicate that attachment style is associated with self-reported disturbed self-awareness and depersonalization over and above the influence of psychotic or depressive experiences in people across the vulnerability spectrum of psychosis. This supports the importance of attachment style, self-awareness, and depersonalization as potential targets in prevention and treatment interventions in patients with psychotic disorders or those with increased vulnerability.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attachment Style and Self-Experience

With

Haan²,

Schirmbeck³

2023

J Nerv Ment Dis

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“…Kebutuhan akan kelekatan muncul ketika bayi mengalami peristiwa atau emosi negatif yang kemudian terpuaskan melalui kedekatan dan respons dari pengasuh berupa kenyamanan dan perhatian (Pearse et al, 2020).…”

Section: Patologi Gangguan Kelekatanunclassified

Gangguan Kelekatan Sebagai Pencetus Terjadinya Skizofrenia : Tinjauan Pustaka

SITANGGANG,

ARDANI,

LESMANA

2024

healthy

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Schizophrenia is one of the non-fatal diseases that result in a heavy burden for patients, society, and the government, with a prevalence rate of 0.5-1% of the world's population, or more than 20 million people worldwide. In Indonesia, according to the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2019, it is estimated that there are 450,000 people with mental disorders, including schizophrenia. Although the exact cause of schizophrenia is not yet known, several factors are suspected to influence the occurrence of schizophrenia, one of which is emotional trauma due to attachment disorders. Attachment theory offers a conceptualization of the formation of emotional bonds, social functions, and emotional regulation that can help explain the occurrence of mental disorders, including schizophrenia. A literature review was conducted through data sources such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, and PsycINFO to search for data on attachment theory, attachment disorders, and schizophrenia. Attachment disorders are experienced in the early stages of development in the form of trauma. Trauma experienced in the early stages of development, such as negative events, neglect, or inadequate caregiving, is a factor that can affect brain development, leading to changes in neuroendocrine function, resulting in disturbances in emotional regulation and cognitive function. There is a decrease in the ability to identify and understand one's own and others' mental states, such as beliefs, emotions, and intentions, known as "mentalization" and "theory of mind." Emerging evidence regarding the role of attachment in the development of psychosis has implications for the prevention and treatment of psychosis. Trauma experienced in the early stages of development, such as negative events, neglect, or inadequate caregiving, is considered a factor that can affect brain development and neuroendocrine function. The discussion on the relationship between attachment disorders and schizophrenia still requires extensive review and research in the future. ABSTRAKSkizofrenia termasuk salah satu kelompok penyakit nonfatal yang mengakibatkan beban berat bagi penderita, masyarakat, dan pemerintah dengan kisaran prevalensi antara 0,5-1 % dari populasi dunia, atau lebih dari 20 juta orang di seluruh dunia. Di Indonesia, menurut Kementerian Kesehatan RI tahun 2019 diperkirakan ada 450.000 orang dengan gangguan jiwa (ODGJ) termasuk skizofrenia. Meskipun penyebab skizofrenia belum diketahui secara pasti, terdapat beberapa faktor yang diduga mempengaruhi terjadinya skizofrenia, salah satunya adalah trauma emosional akibat gangguan kelekatan. Teori kelekatan menawarkan konseptualisasi tentang pembentukan ikatan emosional, fungsi sosial, dan regulasi emosi yang dapat membantu menjelaskan terjadinya gangguan mental termasuk skizofrenia. Dilakukan tinjauan pustaka melalui sumber data yaitu PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, dan PsycINFO untuk mencari data mengenai teori kelekatan, gangguan kelekatan dan skizofrenia. Gangguan kelekatan dialami pada tahap awal perkembangan dalam bentuk trauma. Trauma yang dialami pada tahap awal perkembangan, misalnya peristiwa negatif, pengabaian atau pengasuhan yang tidak memadai merupakan faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi perkembangan otak, sehingga terjadi perubahan fungsi neuroendokrin sehingga terjadi gangguan regulasi emosi dan fungsi kognitif. Terdapat penurunan kemampuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan memahami kondisi mental diri sendiri dan orang lain, seperti keyakinan, emosi, dan niat, yang disebut sebagai “mentalisasi” dan “teori pikiran”. Bukti yang muncul mengenai peran keterikatan terhadap perkembangan psikosis mempunyai implikasi terhadap pencegahan dan pengobatan psikosis. Trauma yang dialami pada tahap awal perkembangan, misalnya peristiwa negatif, pengabaian atau pengasuhan yang tidak memadai dianggap sebagai faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi perkembangan otak serta fungsi neuroendokrin. Diskusi mengenai hubungan gangguan kelekatan dan skizofrenia masih memerlukan banyak telaah dan penelitian di masa depan.

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“…Good-enough attachment experiences (Sable, 2000) create a protective mechanism – or inner resource – that makes it easier to cope with stress. Individuals with insecure attachment patterns, on the other hand, are at an increased risk of mental illness, with an anxious attachment orientation more likely to be associated with mental illness and an avoidant attachment orientation more likely to be associated with physical illness (Pearse et al, 2020; Zech et al, 2006). However, these clinically significant relationships have rarely been studied in older patients, nor has the relationship between traumatic experiences and attachment security in advanced adulthood been determined (Stoval-McClough & Dozier, 2018).…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Trauma and Attachment in Older Patients with Common Mental Disorders

Peters¹

2023

GeroPsych

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Abstract. The question of the consequences of earlier traumatic experiences in older age cannot be limited to a symptomatic level but should also include additional psychological functions. Of particular interest here is attachment orientation. The present study investigates the question of the connection between potentially traumatic events experienced in the course of life and attachment orientations in old age in a sample of patients of a psychosomatic clinic ( N = 150). The results show that such events are associated with reduced attachment security in older adulthood. However, I could not confirm that this connection becomes more vital in old age. Nevertheless, the results also have a high clinical significance. Finally, I discuss the therapeutic consequences.

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The relationship between attachment and functioning for people with serious mental illness: a systematic review

Cited by 13 publications

References 64 publications

Attachment Style and Self-Experience

Attachment Style and Self-Experience

Gangguan Kelekatan Sebagai Pencetus Terjadinya Skizofrenia : Tinjauan Pustaka

Trauma and Attachment in Older Patients with Common Mental Disorders

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