The Relationship Between Attitudes Towards Violence and Violent Behaviour: The Use of Implicit and Self-Report Measures

Maimone, Sacha

doi:10.22215/etd/2014-10536

Cited by 4 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(195 reference statements)

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“…Regardless, these bivariate results contrast most studies to date that T A B L E 3 Significant hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis assessing incremental validity accounted for by VE-IAT. have assessed implicit attitudes in relation to violent outcomes, excluding IPV or sexual aggression (e.g., Maimone, 2014;Polaschek et al, 2010;Zwets et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using reaction time procedures to assess implicit attitudes toward violence in a nonconvicted male sample

Maimone,

Seto,

Ahmed

et al. 2024

Aggressive Behavior

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In this study, we sought to capture implicit attitudes toward violence by administering response latency measures. We then examined their associations with explicit (e.g., assessed with self‐report) attitudes toward violence and self‐reported violent behavior in a combined sample of males from a Canadian university and males from the general community (N = 251; 156 students and 95 community members). To date, there have been mixed findings regarding these associations; some of this inconsistency may be due to the difficulty in accurately conceptualizing and assessing implicit attitudes toward violence. Therefore, we administered three response latency measures to assess this construct: a violence evaluation implicit association test (VE‐IAT), a personalized VE‐IAT (P‐VE‐IAT), and a violence evaluation relational responding task, along with three self‐report measures of explicit attitudes toward violence and three self‐report measures of violent behavior. More positive implicit attitudes toward violence were related to more positive explicit attitudes toward violence (for VE‐IAT and P‐VE‐IAT; r = 0.18 to 0.22), greater likelihood of violence (for VE‐IAT; r = 0.18 and for P‐VE‐IAT; r = 0.16), and greater propensity for violence (for the VE‐IAT; r = 0.16). All measures of explicit attitudes toward violence and violent behavior were moderately to strongly associated with one another (r = 0.42 to 0.81). Furthermore, implicit attitudes toward violence explained additional variance in some violent outcomes above explicit attitudes alone. Our findings suggest that scores on certain reaction time measures are important for understanding likelihood and propensity for violence, especially when combined with explicit attitude measures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using reaction time procedures to assess implicit attitudes toward violence in a nonconvicted male sample

Maimone,

Seto,

Ahmed

et al. 2024

Aggressive Behavior

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“…Research on the validity of implicit attitudes as a predictor of aggressive behaviour has produced mixed findings (McCormick, 2013). Indeed, some authors have found support for the use of implicit measures as they apply to the prediction of aggressive behaviours (e.g., Banse & Fischer, 2002), whereas others have found that explicit, self-report measures of attitudes are stronger predictors of aggression than implicit attitudes (e.g., Maimone, 2014). Banse and Fischer (2002) developed a modified version of the IAT, the "Aggressiveness-IAT" to examine the predictive validity of implicit measures of aggressiveness as they applied to physically aggressive behaviours of hockey and volleyball players.…”

Section: Iat and Aggressive Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lastly, Maimone (2014) conducted three studies examining implicit and explicit attitudes toward violent behaviour among two samples of male undergraduate students and one sample of adult offenders. The first study examining attitudes toward violence among male university students found that only explicit (and not implicit) attitudes toward violence differentiated students who reported engaging in violence from those who had not.…”

Section: Iat and Aggressive Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Findings of the path analysis indicated that the implicit measure of attitudes toward aggression did not significantly predict reactive physical aggression, and therefore the fourth hypothesis was not supported. The limited research examining the relation between implicit attitudes and aggressive behaviour has produced mixed findings, with some studies offering support for this relationship (e.g., Robertson & Murachver, 2007), whereas others argue that explicit attitudes tend to be stronger predictors of aggression (e.g., Maimone, 2014;Nunes, Ennis, Hermann, Maimone, & Choy, 2014). It is possible that mixed results may be due to methodological differences among studies, such as discrepancies in IAT structure as well as differences in stimulus items and category labels used to evaluate research questions.…”

Section: Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applying a Modified Version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour to Predict Reactive Physical Aggression Between Undergraduate Students

Newman¹

2021

Preprint

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The current dissertation applied a modified version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to predict reactive physical aggression between university students. In addition to examining the primary constructs of the traditional TPB model (attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and intentions), this dissertation extended the traditional model by also examining the impact of implicit attitudes toward aggression as well as executive functioning in the prediction of reactive physical aggression. Results provided support for the application of the traditional TPB model in the prediction of reactive physical aggression, although implicit attitudes and executive functioning did not significantly contribute to the prediction of aggressive behaviour in this sample. Gaining a better understanding of the predictors of reactive physical aggression between university students may lead to the identification of early intervention strategies for individual aggressors. This may in turn help to prevent the possible escalation of aggressive behaviour and create a safer and less threatening campus environment for all students.

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“…Implicit attitudes are important in understanding and predicting violent behaviour (e.g., Eckhardt & Crane, 2014;Eckhardt et al, 2012;Hermann & Nunes, 2018;Maimone, 2021), and have been shown to explain and predict violent behaviour differently than explicit attitudes (e.g., Eckhardt & Crane, 2014;Eckhardt et al, 2012;Maimone, 2014Maimone, , 2021. Future research should seek to examine the temporal stability of implicit attitudes toward violence, specifically, and should explore the best approaches to changing them.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Temporal Stability of Evaluative Attitudes Toward Violence

Fraser¹

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Evaluative attitudes toward violence are related to violent behaviour and are important predictors of violence. The temporal stability of evaluative attitudes toward violence has not yet been examined. Attitudes have been shown to have a high degree of stability, but with the potential to change through manipulation or intervention. I assessed for the degree of stability of evaluative attitudes toward violence using the Evaluation of Violence Questionnaire (EVQ) across four days, four weeks, and three months. I found participants' EVQ scores to be highly stable across all assessments; however, the results from the weekly and monthly assessments lacked power due to small sample sizes. The results from this study do, however, give preliminary evidence that evaluative attitudes toward violence are highly stable in the short-term, and potentially also in the long-term. Future research is needed to better understand the degree of stability of evaluative attitudes toward violence in the long-term.

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The Relationship Between Attitudes Towards Violence and Violent Behaviour: The Use of Implicit and Self-Report Measures

Cited by 4 publications

References 54 publications

Using reaction time procedures to assess implicit attitudes toward violence in a nonconvicted male sample

Using reaction time procedures to assess implicit attitudes toward violence in a nonconvicted male sample

Applying a Modified Version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour to Predict Reactive Physical Aggression Between Undergraduate Students

Examining the Temporal Stability of Evaluative Attitudes Toward Violence

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