The  Relatıonshıp Between Baltıc Dry  Index and Dow Jones Iron - Steel Index

Barut, Abdülkadir; Görgün, Mehmet Ragıp; Erdoğdu, Aylin

doi:10.15869/itobiad.700223

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Under the light of research findings reveal that the increase in BDI prices causes a decrease in Turkey's export volume and, on the contrary, an increase in imports (Eryuzlu, 2019). Barut et al (2020) examined the association between the BDI and Dow Jones Iron-Steel index (DJSIW). According to the Fourier ARDL test and the Rolling Window method result, the long-run association between the BDI and the Dow Jones iron steel index was found out.…”

Section: Literature Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determining the Causal Relationship Between Baltic Dry Index (Bdi) and Macroeconomic Variables by Toda-Yamamoto Analysis

AKDAĞ

Kocabıyık

Karaatlı

2023

Yönetim Ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi

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The Baltic Dry Index (BDI) is the most critical indicator taking the pulse of maritime trade. Hence, it is essential to determine the macroeconomic variables that affect the BDI, which is a solid indicator for global economic activities in maritime transport. This research paper studies the association between macroeconomic indicators and the BDI. For this purpose, the Toda-Yamamoto approach was performed to examine the causal association between macroeconomic variables and the BDI. The Lee-Strazicich (LS) unit root test was applied based on Model C (break) to determine the stationary of the model series. The research's findings shed significant light on the relationship between the BDI and macroeconomic variables. According to the Toda-Yamamoto causality test results: BDI has a two-way relationship with S&P 500 and MSCI World indexes; besides, there is a one-way relationship from €/$ parity to BDI and from BDI to BCOM index.

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Section: Literature Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the Fourier ARDL test and the Rolling Window method result, the long-run association between the BDI and the Dow Jones iron steel index was found out. (Barut, Görgün and Erdoğdu, 2020). Giannarakis et al (2017), aimed to examine the relationship between the DJSIW and the BDI.…”

Section: Literature Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the Causal Relationship Between Baltic Dry Index (Bdi) and Macroeconomic Variables by Toda-Yamamoto Analysis

AKDAĞ

Kocabıyık

Karaatlı

2023

Yönetim Ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi

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Baltic Dry Index Estimation With NARX Neural Network Model

KILINÇ

Kocabıyık

Karaatlı

2023

ECO

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BDI is a global trade indicator followed by those interested in maritime trade. But it has volatility, seasonality, and uncertain cyclicality. For this reason, in this study, the BDI has been estimated to provide preliminary information to those interested in maritime trade. NARX Neural Network which performs successfully in complex and nonlinear real-life problems is used. In addition, the NARX neural network model has not been found in a previous study used for BDI estimation. Eleven independent variables are used in this study, what increases the predictive power. Independent variables are Bloomberg Commodities Index (BCOM), Twitter-Based Economic Uncertainty Index (TEU), Twitter-Based Market Uncertainty Index (TMU), S&P 500 Index, MSCI World Index, €/$ Parity, VIX (CBOE), US 10-Year Bond Yield (%), Brent Oil (USD/Barrel), Economic Uncertainty Index and World Trade Volume (USD Billion). The Twitter-Based Economic Uncertainty Index (TEU) and Twitter-Based Market Uncertainty Index (TMU), which were not used before in BDI estimation studies, were included in the analysis and contributed to the literature. The data set contains daily data for the period 9.07.2012–31.08.2020. 11-day estimate values covering 1.09.2020–15.09.2020 are calculated. MAPE, MAE and RMSE performance criteria were calculated for the estimation values. Value of MAPE (2.96%), value of MAE (36.6%) and value of RMSE (46.68) were obtained. As a result, the estimate values were compared with the actual values.

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Hammaddeye Karşı Sorumluluk: Gemi Geri Dönüşümü ve Demir Çelik Endüstrisinde Verimlilik Değerlendirmesi

Ergün,

Bulut

2024

Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi

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Gemi geri dönüşümü ve demir çelik endüstrileri birbirinin tamamlayıcısı olan endüstrilerdir. Her iki endüstrinin de sınırlı kaynaklar dikkate alındığında sürdürülebilirlik, geri dönüşüm ekonomisi ve uluslararası ticaret açısından öneminin yakın gelecekte daha da artacağı beklenmektedir. Literatürde, gemi geri dönüşümü ve demir çelik endüstrilerini bütünleşik ve ampirik olarak inceleyen çalışma sayısının oldukça sınırlı olduğu görülmektedir. Bu nedenle çalışmanın tercih ettiği MEREC ve MARCOS yöntemleriyle bu alandaki boşluğu dolduracağı umulmaktadır. Araştırmanın kısıtlarını gemi geri dönüşümünü gerçekleştiren ülkelerden düzenli veri açıklayan on ülke ve düzenli veri setine ulaşılabilen 2018-2022 dönemi oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada yer alan altı kriter arasında yüksek ağırlık skoruna sahip kriterler 2018, 2019, 2020 ve 2022 yılları için demir çelik ihracatı ve gemi söküm miktarı, 2021 yılı için ise demir cevheri ithalatı ve demir çelik ihracatı olarak elde edilmiştir. Alternatifler arasında en yüksek verimliliğe 2018, 2019 ve 2022 yıllarında Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin; 2020 ve 2021 yıllarında ise Hindistan Cumhuriyeti’nin sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç bölümünde ise analizlerden elde edilen bulgular üzerinden çevre koruma, global ekonomik gelişmeler, sektör kümelenmesi ve ithal girdi başlıklarında politika önerileri sunulmuş, Türkiye özelinde demir çelik ve gemi geri dönüşümü endüstrileri için değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır.

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The Relatıonshıp Between Baltıc Dry Index and Dow Jones Iron - Steel Index

Abstract: Bu makale, en az iki hakem tarafından incelenmiş ve intihal içermediği teyit edilmiştir. / This article has been reviewed by at least two referees and confirmed to include no plagiarism.

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Determining the Causal Relationship Between Baltic Dry Index (Bdi) and Macroeconomic Variables by Toda-Yamamoto Analysis

Determining the Causal Relationship Between Baltic Dry Index (Bdi) and Macroeconomic Variables by Toda-Yamamoto Analysis

Baltic Dry Index Estimation With NARX Neural Network Model

Hammaddeye Karşı Sorumluluk: Gemi Geri Dönüşümü ve Demir Çelik Endüstrisinde Verimlilik Değerlendirmesi

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