The relationship between changing body height and growth related changes in maximal aerobic power

The relative importance of genetic and socio-cultural influences contributing to the success of east Africans in endurance athletics remains unknown in part because the pre-training phenotype of this population remains incompletely assessed. Here cardiopulmonary fitness, physical activity levels, distance travelled to school and daily energy expenditure in 15 habitually active male (13.9±1.6 years) and 15 habitually active female (13.9±1.2) adolescents from a rural Nandi primary school are assessed. Aerobic capacity () was evaluated during two maximal discontinuous incremental exercise tests; physical activity using accelerometry combined with a global positioning system; and energy expenditure using the doubly labelled water method. The of the male and female adolescents were 73.9±5.7 ml. kg−1. min−1 and 61.5±6.3 ml. kg−1. min−1, respectively. Total time spent in sedentary, light, moderate and vigorous physical activities per day was 406±63 min (50% of total monitored time), 244±56 min (30%), 75±18 min (9%) and 82±30 min (10%). Average total daily distance travelled to and from school was 7.5±3.0 km (0.8–13.4 km). Mean daily energy expenditure, activity-induced energy expenditure and physical activity level was 12.2±3.4 MJ. day−1, 5.4±3.0 MJ. day−1 and 2.2±0.6. 70.6% of the variation in was explained by sex (partial R2 = 54.7%) and body mass index (partial R2 = 15.9%). Energy expenditure and physical activity variables did not predict variation in once sex had been accounted for. The highly active and energy-demanding lifestyle of rural Kenyan adolescents may account for their exceptional aerobic fitness and collectively prime them for later training and athletic success.

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“…kg −1. min −1 for girls [31], [33], [34], [35]. Similar ranges have been reported in American and Chinese cohorts [36], [37].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Aerobic Capacity, Activity Levels and Daily Energy Expenditure in Male and Female Adolescents of the Kenyan Nandi Sub-Group

et al. 2013

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“…This result contrasts with those of Rutenfranz et al (1990) and Chatterjee et al (2006) who found an association between the body height and VO2max of 129 children aged 8-20 years. In another study conducted in Kolkata, India which examined the prediction models for maximal oxygen uptake from age, body mass and body surface area (BSA) in young sedentary sample, aged between 20 and 24 years (males: n=40; females: n=40) revealed that there was a significant correlation between the participants' body weight and VO2max (Chatterjee et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Relationship between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Anthropometric Variables among School-going Adolescents in Nigeria

et al. 2017

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The increase in physical activity (PA) levels has been known to be associated with improved cardiorespiratory fitness status which helps in reducing the risk factors of non-communicable disease. However, the interaction between cardiorespiratory fitness and anthropometric variables remains unclear and needs further investigation. This study assessed the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and anthropometric variables among school-going adolescents in Nigeria. Two hundred and fifty apparently healthy participants ranging from 12 to 20 years of age, who were randomly selected, participated in this study. Height, body weight, and body mass index (BMI) were measured. Cooper's 12 minutes run/walk test was conducted to assess cardiorespiratory fitness (estimated by maximal oxygen uptake: VO2max). There was a significant correlation betweenVO2max and BMI. In the regression model, weight, height, gender, and BMI accounted for ninety-five percent of the total variance in the participants' cardiorespiratory fitness. Body weight, height, gender, and BMI were significant predictors of cardiorespiratory fitness in the school-going Nigerian adolescents.

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“…However, this type of study is very dif®cult to conduct (Kemper 1985). We therefore conducted a mixed cross-sectional longitudinal study, as already proposed by Rutenfranz et al (1990) who used a design in which the ages of the various groups overlapped at speci®c developmental phases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in maximal exercise ventilation and breathing pattern in boys during growth: a mixed cross‐sectional longitudinal study

Prioux

Ramonatxo

Mercier

et al. 1997

Acta Physiologica Scandinavica

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The aim of this mixed cross-sectional longitudinal study covering a total age range of 11-17 years, i.e. the entire pubertal growth period, was (1) to specify the changes in maximal breathing pattern during incremental exercise; (2) to determine what parts of the changes are due to anthropometric characteristics, physical fitness and inspiratory or expiratory muscle strength; and (3) to determine if the role of these variables is identical before, during and after pubertal growth spurt. This study was conducted in 44 untrained schoolboys separated into three groups, with an initial age of 11.2 +/- 0.2 years for group A, 12.9 +/- 0.25 years for group B, and 14.9 +/- 0.26 years for group C. These children were subsequently followed for 3 years, during the same time period each year. The maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (PI max and PE max) were used as an index of the respiratory muscle strength. During an incremental exercise test, maximal ventilation (VE max), tidal volume (VT max), breathing frequency (fmax), inspiratory and expiratory times (tI max and tE max) and mean inspiratory flow (VT/tI max) were measured at maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Our study showed that there was a marked increase with age in VE max, VT max, and VT/tI max, and no significant changes in fmax, tI max and tE max. PI max and PE max showed a general trend towards an increase between 11 and 17 years. The study of the linear correlations between maximal breathing pattern and the anthropometric characteristics, physical fitness and inspiratory or expiratory muscle strength showed that, in the three groups of children, (1) lean body mass was the major determinant of VE max, VT max and VT/tI max and the relationships were significantly different before, during and after the pubertal growth spurt; (2) physical fitness was the main determinant of tI max, tE max and fmax before and after the pubertal growth spurt; and (3) maximal respiratory strength did not play a significant role. In conclusion, this mixed cross-sectional longitudinal study showed, at maximal exercise, a significant increase in VE max during growth due only to a significant increase in VT max and VT/tI max, and that the relationships of anthropometric characteristics and physical fitness with maximal breathing pattern change during growth.

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The relationship between changing body height and growth related changes in maximal aerobic power

Cited by 16 publications

References 11 publications

Aerobic Capacity, Activity Levels and Daily Energy Expenditure in Male and Female Adolescents of the Kenyan Nandi Sub-Group

Aerobic Capacity, Activity Levels and Daily Energy Expenditure in Male and Female Adolescents of the Kenyan Nandi Sub-Group

Relationship between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Anthropometric Variables among School-going Adolescents in Nigeria

Changes in maximal exercise ventilation and breathing pattern in boys during growth: a mixed cross‐sectional longitudinal study

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