The Relationship between Circulating Acetate and Human Insulin Resistance before and after Weight Loss in the DiOGenes Study

Hernández, Manuel A. González; Canfora, Emanuel E.; Pasmans, Kenneth; Astrup, Arne; Blaak, Ellen E.

doi:10.3390/nu12020339

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Changes from baseline in fasting insulin, fasting glucose, and HOMA-IR were analyzed in the intervention group and the placebo group. A significantly lower fasting insulin level was observed at the end of intervention ( Figure 5 31 , 32 , 39 , 41 , 42 , 44 , 46 , 49 , 51 , 54–56 ) compared with baseline (SMD = −0.22; 95%CI = −0.43 to−0.01; P = 0.04) in studies that found increased SCFA concentrations. The overall effect on fasting insulin was also significant when all studies were included (SMD = −0.18; 95%CI = −0.34 to −0.03; P = 0.02; Figure 5 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Short-chain fatty acids and insulin sensitivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2023

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Context There is substantial evidence that reduced short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the gut are associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, although findings from clinical interventions that can increase SCFAs are inconsistent. Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effect of SCFA interventions on fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Data Sources Relevant articles published up to July 28, 2022, were extracted from PubMed and Embase using the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms of the defined keywords [(short-chain fatty acids) AND (obesity OR diabetes OR insulin sensitivity)] and their synonyms. Data analyses were performed independently by two researchers who used the Cochrane meta-analysis checklist and the PRISMA guidelines. Data Extraction Clinical studies and trials that measured SCFAs and reported glucose homeostasis parameters were included in the analysis. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95%CIs were calculated using a random-effects model in the data extraction tool Review Manager version 5.4 (RevMan 5.4). The risk-of-bias assessment was performed following the Cochrane checklist for randomized and crossover studies. Data Analysis In total, 6040 nonduplicate studies were identified, 23 of which met the defined criteria, reported fasting insulin, fasting glucose, or HOMA-IR values, and reported change in SCFA concentrations post intervention. Meta-analyses of these studies indicated that fasting insulin concentrations were significantly reduced (overall effect: SMD = −0.15; 95%CI = −0.29 to −0.01, P = 0.04) in treatment groups, relative to placebo groups, at the end of the intervention. Studies with a confirmed increase in SCFAs at the end of intervention also had a significant effect on lowering fasting insulin (P = 0.008). Elevated levels of SCFAs, compared with baseline levels, were associated with beneficial effects on HOMA-IR (P < 0.00001). There was no significant change in fasting glucose concentrations. Conclusion Increased postintervention levels of SCFAs are associated with lower fasting insulin concentrations, offering a beneficial effect on insulin sensitivity. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration number CRD42021257248.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Short-chain fatty acids and insulin sensitivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2023

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“…Indeed, the ratio of serum acetate:propionate has been shown to be positively associated with total cholesterol levels, at least in men ( 59 ). Similarly, circulating SCFAs, particularly acetate and propionate, have been associated with peripheral insulin sensitivity, whole body lipolysis, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations ( 60 ), although possible sex effects may play a confounding role ( 61 ). GLP-1 influences lipid metabolism via lipoproteins ( 62 ), and the influence of SCFAs and BAs on whole body lipolysis, adipose tissue metabolism, thermogenesis, and insulin sensitivity identifies the gut microbiota and diet-induced modulation of gut microbiota metabolic output as plausible regulators of cholesterol homeostasis and CHD risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prebiotic Effects of Oats on Blood Lipids, Gut Microbiota, and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Mildly Hypercholesterolemic Subjects Compared With Rice: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Feng²,

Chu

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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Phytochemicals derived from oats are reported to possess a beneficial effect on modulating dyslipidemia, specifically on lowering total and LDL cholesterol. However, deeper insights into its mechanism remain unclear. In this randomized controlled study, we assigned 210 mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects from three study centers across China (Beijing, Nanjing, and Shanghai) to consume 80 g of oats or rice daily for 45 days. Plasma lipid profiles, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and fecal microbiota were measured. The results showed that total cholesterol (TC) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) decreased significantly with both oats and rice intake after 30 and 45 days. The reduction in TC and non-HDL-C was greater in the participants consuming oats compared with rice at day 45 (p = 0.011 and 0.049, respectively). Oat consumption significantly increased the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and Roseburia, and the relative abundance of Dialister, Butyrivibrio, and Paraprevotella, and decreased unclassified f-Sutterellaceae. In the oat group, Bifidobacterium abundance was negatively correlated with LDL-C (p = 0.01, r = −0.31) and, TC and LDL-C were negatively correlated to Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (p = 0.02, r = −0.29; p = 0.03, r = −0.27, respectively). Enterobacteriaceae, Roseburia, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were positively correlated with plasma butyric acid and valeric acid concentrations and negatively correlated to isobutyric acid. HDL-C was negatively correlated with valeric acid (p = 0.02, r = −0.25) and total triglyceride (TG) was positively correlated to isovaleric acid (p = 0.03, r = 0.23). Taken together, oats consumption significantly reduced TC and LDL-C, and also mediated a prebiotic effect on gut microbiome. Akkermansia muciniphila, Roseburia, Bifidobacterium, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and plasma SCFA correlated with oat-induced changes in plasma lipids, suggesting prebiotic activity of oats to modulate gut microbiome could contribute towards its cholesterol-lowering effect.

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“…In the parallel-arm trials, the risk of bias was much lower in most of the studies ( Figure S8B ). Five treatment-only studies 40,41,51,53,54 were not included for selection, performance, and detection bias analyses, since all participants received the same treatment, and any selection/blinding was not applicable. These studies are denoted by the white area in the graphs ( Figure S8B ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This significance was also observed when all the studies (demonstrating increased/no-change/decreased SCFAs post-intervention) were included in the analysis (SMD = -0.37; 95% CI = -0.48, -0.27; p <0.00001) ( Figure 7 ). In our analysis for HOMA-IR, one study 53 , had more participants than others. Baseline versus endpoint comparison in the placebo group alone did not demonstrate any significant improvement in fasting insulin, fasting glucose, and HOMA-IR ( Figure S5, S6 and S7 ) respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of short-chain fatty acids on insulin sensitivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Pham

Joglekar

Wong

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Context: There is substantial evidence that reduced gut short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, although findings from clinical interventions that could increase SCFAs are inconsistent. Objective: This work aimed to assess the effect of SCFA intervention on fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources: Relevant published articles up to 28th July 2022 were extracted from PubMed and EMBASE using the medical subject heading (MeSH) of the defined keywords [(short-chain fatty acids AND (obesity OR diabetes OR insulin sensitivity)] and their synonyms. Data analyses were performed using recommended Cochrane meta-analysis checklist and PRISMA guidelines and were registered in the PROSPERO system (ID: CRD42021257248). Data extraction: Clinical studies and trials that measured SCFAs along with reporting glucose homeostasis parameters were included in the analysis. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model in the data extraction tool Review Manager version 5.4 (RevMan 5.4). The risk of bias assessment was performed following the Cochrane checklist for randomised and crossover studies. Data analysis: We identified 6,040 non-duplicate studies; 23 met defined criteria and reported fasting insulin, fasting glucose, or HOMA-IR as well as a measured post-intervention change in SCFA concentrations. Our meta-analyses indicated that fasting insulin concentrations significantly reduced (overall effect: SMD = -0.15; 95% CI = -0.29, -0.01, p = 0.04) between placebo and treatment groups at the end of the intervention. Post-intervention increase in SCFAs had an even significant effect on lowering fasting insulin (p=0.008). Elevated levels of SCFAs were also associated with beneficial effects on HOMA-IR (p < 0.00001) compared to their baseline. Fasting glucose concentrations did not show any significant change. Conclusions: Increased post-intervention SCFA is associated with lower fasting insulin, offering a beneficial effect on insulin sensitivity.

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The Relationship between Circulating Acetate and Human Insulin Resistance before and after Weight Loss in the DiOGenes Study

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Short-chain fatty acids and insulin sensitivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Short-chain fatty acids and insulin sensitivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The Prebiotic Effects of Oats on Blood Lipids, Gut Microbiota, and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Mildly Hypercholesterolemic Subjects Compared With Rice: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

The role of short-chain fatty acids on insulin sensitivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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