“…Firms are thus invited to engage more in CSR activities as they contribute in reducing agency conflicts between managers and shareholders (Maali et al, 2021).In this vein, the agency theory considers the board of directors as one of the essential corporate governance tools to reduce agency conflicts and protect investors (Rashid, 2021;Al-Mamun and Seamer, 2020). For instance, appointing efficient corporate boards can play an important role in alleviating agency problems by monitoring executive managers' decisions and actions (Fama and Jensen, 1983;Endrikat et al, 2020).A considerable amount of evidence exists suggesting that various board attributes can have significant influence on CSR (Rao and Tilt, 2016;Rashid, 2021;Karim et al, 2019;Al-Mamun and Seamer, 2020;Ahmad et al, 2017;El Gammal et al, 2018;Nwude and Nwude, 2021;Bhatt and Bhattacharya, 2017;Khan et al, 2021;El-Bassiouny et al, 2020). In this regard, Dwekat et al (2020) suggested that board independence is more capable of meeting stakeholders' interests as they do not have concerns about their positions in the company (Khan et al, 2013).…”