The relationship between employment and substance use among students aged 12 to 17*1

Wu, Li‐Tzy; Schlenger, William E.; Galvin, Deborah

doi:10.1016/s1054-139x(02)00447-0

Cited by 100 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This association has been described nearly universally in prior studies across the world (Kaestner, Sasso, Callison, & Yarnoff, 2013;Leeman, Hoff, KrishnanSarin, Patock-Peckham, & Potenza, 2014;Osilla et al, 2013;Ramchand, Ialongo, & Chilcoat, 2007;Staff & Uggen, 2003;Valois, Dunham, Jackson, & Waller, 1999;Wakai, Miura, & Umenai, 2005;Wu, Schlenger, & Galvin, 2003). Several of these investigators have postulated that this is because working youth have the financial means to buy substances (Ramchand et al, 2007;Staff & Uggen, 2003;Wu et al, 2003), and they are more likely to be exposed to people in the workplace who use substances (Wu et al, 2003). Indeed, younger age groups in the current study had reduced odds of ever using cigarettes, waterpipes, and hashish, relative to youth > 16 years old.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Prevalence and correlates of substance use by Egyptian school youth

Loffredo

Shaker²,

Jillson

et al. 2017

IJADR

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Aims: Substance use among Egyptian youth is an emerging public health problem, yet there is a paucity of information on the prevalence and correlates of these behaviors. To address this gap, we conducted surveys at 25 schools in Egypt in 2013 and 2014. Design:We calculated associations between substance use prevalence and age, gender, residence area, living arrangement, and employment status, along with adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).Setting: Cairo region and southern Egypt. Participants: School youth ages 12-18 (N=1,415).Measures: Self-administered survey on the use of cigarettes, waterpipes, alcohol, hashish, bango, heroin, Tramadol, other oral medications, injected substances, and glue/petrol sniffing; together with the amount and frequency of each substance used and age at initiation, in addition to demographic characteristics.Findings: Seventy-two percent of participants were male. Tobacco and cannabinoids were the most commonly used substances by both genders. Males reported smoking cigarettes (25%), waterpipes (15%), and hashish (6%), drinking alcohol (16%), and taking Tramadol (3%). Younger age (12-14 years) and residence outside of Cairo were somewhat protective. Among males, but not females, having a job increased the odds of smoking cigarettes (OR = 1.8, 95% CI [1.3, 2.6]), waterpipes (OR = 1.9, 95% CI [1.2, 2.9]), or hashish (OR = 2.0, 95% CI [1.1, 3.7]). Conclusions:These findings, consistent with reports from other countries, can inform the design and direct the resources of future public health programs targeting adolescents to prevent the onset of substance use and ultimately addiction in Egypt and elsewhere.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Prevalence and correlates of substance use by Egyptian school youth

Loffredo

Shaker²,

Jillson

et al. 2017

IJADR

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“…Treatment for psychological problems was associated with use of non-prescribed pain relievers among females, whereas being booked for criminal activities was associated with such use among males. Our previous studies among youth also show that the use of drugs other than marijuana is associated with internalizing syndromes (depression and anxiety) among females only (Wu et al, 2003), and that nonmedical use of prescription stimulants is associated with delinquency among males only (Wu et al, 2007). These findings could be explained in part by genderrelated differences in sources of psychotropic drugs and reasons for non-prescribed use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Non-prescribed use of pain relievers among adolescents in the United States

Pilowsky

Patkar

2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

128

133

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Background-We examined gender-specific prevalences, patterns, and correlates of nonprescribed use of pain relievers-mainly opioids-in a representative sample of American adolescents (N = 18,678).Methods-Data were drawn from the public use data file of the 2005 U.S. National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a survey of non-institutionalized American household residents. The patterns of nonprescribed use of prescription pain relievers were examined, and logistic regression procedures were conducted to identify correlates of non-prescribed use.Results-Approximately one in 10 adolescents aged 12−17 years reported non-prescribed use of pain relievers in their lifetime (9.3% in males and 10.3% in females). The mean age of first nonprescribed use was 13.3 years, which was similar to the mean age of first use of alcohol and marijuana but older than the age of first inhalant use. Among all non-prescribed users, 52% reported having used hydrocodone products (Vicodin, Lortab, Lorcet, and Lorcet Plus, and hydrocodone), 50% had used propoxyphene (Darvocet or Darvon) or codeine (Tylenol with codeine), and 24% had used oxycodone products (OxyContin, Percocet, Percodan, and Tylox). Approximately one quarter (26%) of all non-prescribed users had never used other non-prescribed or illicit drugs. There were gender variations in correlates of non-prescribed use.Conclusions-Use of non-prescribed pain relievers occurs early in adolescence. Research is needed to understand whether early use of non-prescribed pain relievers is related to later drug use.

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“…Frequent alcohol use is associated with increased odds of dropping out of school among high school students, and youths not in school are more likely than those in school to use alcohol (30,31). Yet some aspects of college-related environments also place college students at risk for alcohol abuse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol Use Disorders and the Use of Treatment Services Among College-Age Young Adults

Wu¹,

Pilowsky²,

Schlenger³

et al. 2007

Psychiatric Services

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Objectives-This study examined the utilization of and the perceived need for alcohol treatment services among college-age young adults (18-22 years) according to their educational status: fulltime college students, part-time college students, noncollege students (currently in school with the highest grade level below college), and nonstudents (N=11,337). This breakdown of young adults had not been addressed previously. Methods-Secondary analyses were conducted on data from the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.Results-Full-time college students (21%) were as likely to have an alcohol use disorder as nonstudents (19%), but were more likely than part-time college students (15%) and noncollege students (12%). Only 4% of full-time college students with an alcohol use disorder received any alcohol services in the past year. Of those with an alcohol use disorder who did not receive treatment services, only 2% of full-time college students, close to 1% of part-time college students, and approximately 3% of young adults who were not in college reported a perceived need for alcohol treatment. Full-time college students were less likely than noncollege students to receive treatment for alcohol use disorders. All young adults with an alcohol use disorder were very unlikely to perceive a need for alcohol treatment or counseling.Conclusions-College-age adults have a high prevalence of alcohol use disorders, yet they are very unlikely to receive alcohol treatment or early intervention services or to perceive a need for such services. Underutilization of alcohol-related services among college-age young adults deserves greater research attention.An estimated 44% of U.S. college students are binge drinkers (1). Excessive drinking in late adolescence and early adulthood can have serious consequences, including injuries (2), risky sexual behaviors (3,4), and poor academic performance (5).Binge drinking and heavy alcohol use among college students have been studied extensively, and an increasing number of studies have focused on early detection and intervention programs for college students (6,7). However, alcohol use disorders among college students have received less research attention until recently (3,8,9). In particular, little is known about the use of alcohol treatment services among 18-to 22-year-olds.The authors report no competing interests. Studies of use of alcohol treatment services have typically covered a very wide age range rather than focusing specifically on young adults (10-14). Andersen's behavioral model of health service utilization (11,13,15,16) suggests that the use of treatment services is determined by predisposing characteristics, such as demographic characteristics and attitudes toward treatment or illness; enabling characteristics, such as family income; and needs-related characteristics, such as severity of alcohol problems. NIH Public AccessGender, age group, race or ethnicity, education, marital status, family income, and employment status are reported to be associated with use of a...

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The relationship between employment and substance use among students aged 12 to 17*1

Cited by 100 publications

References 30 publications

Prevalence and correlates of substance use by Egyptian school youth

Prevalence and correlates of substance use by Egyptian school youth

Non-prescribed use of pain relievers among adolescents in the United States

Alcohol Use Disorders and the Use of Treatment Services Among College-Age Young Adults

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