The Relationship Between Encoding, Discriminative Capacities and Perinatal Risk Status in 4–12‐Month Old Infants

Millar, William S.; Weir, Catherine; Supramaniam, G

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00325.x

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…With abstract patterns, however, a significant difference between groups, with an effect size of d = 0.49 ( p = .01), emerged. In Millar et al (1991), the use of abstract patterns revealed inferior habituation results in 7.5-month-old preterms. Again, naturalistic faces produced no differences between samples.…”

Section: Visual Habituation and Dishabituation In Preterm Versus Tmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…However, Millar et al (1991) found disadvantages in 7.5-month-old preterms with RDS complications when using polychromatic lines. Possibly, the addition of salient features like color to abstract patterns might reveal differences between preterms and terms with these stimuli.…”

Section: Visual Habituation and Dishabituation In Preterm Versus Tmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Risk factors are listed in Table 4. They include IVH, RDS (e.g., Landry, Leslie, Fletcher, & Francis, 1985; Rose, Feldman, McCarton, & Wolfson, 1988), hyaline membrane disease (Cohen, 1981), and cardiac anomalies (Millar, Weir, & Supramian, 1991). In two studies, the nature of additional risk factors was not specified (Caron & Caron, 1981; Holmes, Reich, & Gyurke, 1989), making it difficult to draw firm conclusions about the samples.…”

Section: Visual Habituation and Dishabituation In Preterm Versus Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visual habituation and dishabituation in preterm infants: A review and meta-analysis

Kavšek

Bornstein

2010

Research in Developmental Disabilities

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We review comparative studies of infant habituation and dishabituation performance focusing on preterm infants. Habituation refers to cognitive encoding, and dishabituation refers to discrimination and memory. If habituation and dishabituation constitute basic informationprocessing skills, and preterm infants suffer cognitive disadvantages, then preterms should show diminished habituation and dishabituation performance. Our review provides evidence that preterm infants' habituation and dishabituation are impoverished relative to term infants. On the whole, effect sizes indicated that the differences between preterms and terms are of a medium magnitude. We also find that preterms' performance is moderated by risk factors, stimulus materials, procedural variables, and age. These factors need to be taken into account in the construction of tests in which habituation-dishabituation tasks are employed. Overall, the habituation-dishabituation paradigm presents a promising approach in the diagnosis of cognitive status and development in preterm infants.

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Section: Visual Habituation and Dishabituation In Preterm Versus Tmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Visual Habituation and Dishabituation In Preterm Versus Tmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Visual Habituation and Dishabituation In Preterm Versus Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visual habituation and dishabituation in preterm infants: A review and meta-analysis

Kavšek

Bornstein

2010

Research in Developmental Disabilities

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“…Moreover, habituation and novelty responsiveness have been successfully adapted to the study of individual differences in information-processing abilities in normal (Bornstein, 1985;Bornstein and Mayes, 1992;Mayes and Kessen, 1989) and atrisk populations (e.g. in pre-term infants by Millar et al, 1991; in Down exposed infants by Mayes et al, 1994). Given the predictive validity of these infant measures, examination of the question of relations between indices of SES and infant capacities is called for.…”

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confidence: 98%

Infant information‐processing performance and maternal education

Mayes

Bornstein

1995

Early Dev. Parent.

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Relations between maternal education and indices of infant information-processing performance were examined. A sample of 93 %month olds whose mothers' completed education level was adequately distributed were seen in an infant control habituation procedure. Eighteen infants failed to complete the procedure, and 76 reached a conventional habituation criterion. No significant differences in habituation pedomwnce by maternal education level emerged. This finding suggests that information-proceeeing indices obtained in the first 6 months are useful as predictive measurea of mental development that are uncorrelated with important markers of infants' environmental rearing conditions. 1 Key words: maternal education; SES; habituation; novelty responsiveness.Whether and how environmental conditions influence infant competencies is a central issue for studies of infant status, individual differences and the predictive validity of such measures (Bornstein and Lamb, 1992), Specheally, parental socioeconomic status (SES) relates to parents' beliefs and behaviours (Hoff-Ginsberg and Tardif, in press). For example, higher SES mothers expect infant competencies at earlier ages (e.g. Ninio, 1988). This study investigated relations between maternal education and indices of infant information-processing.Parental education and other indices of SES tend to correlate 0.40-0.60 with children's educational achievements depending on age and prediction interval (McCall, 19'7'7). However, correlation of SES indicators with neurodevelopmental assessments such as the Bayley scales (Bayley, 1%9) in children under 18 months are typically low , reflecting in part the types of infant developmental competencies that are measured. Traditional infant assessments tend predominantly to evaluate motor competence and not those capacities more central to cognitive information-processing (Bornstein, 1989; Fagan, 1992). We might expect, however, that infant motor capacities are more species-specific and canalized at an earlier age when compared to information-processing capacities (McCall, 1981). Habituation and novelty responsiveness techniques may be more appropriate to the examination of infant cognitive competencies from an informationprocessing perspective (Bornstein, 1989;Bornstein and Mayes, 1992;McCall and Carriger, 1993). Moreover, habituation and novelty responsiveness have been successfully adapted to the study of individual differences in information-processing abilities in normal (Bornstein, 1985;Bornstein and Mayes, 1992; Mayes and Kessen, 1989) measures of habituation performance and novelty recovery obtained using an infant-control procedure, the technique currently used in the majority of laboratories. As McCall and Carriger (1993, p.73) point out, the contribution of SESrelated indices to the predictive validity of habituation and recognition memory is most often examined in multivariate regression models and 'has rarely been examined directly in research using either paradigm'. The present study therefore was conducted to assess dir...

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“…Watson (1977) has highlighted the role of attention, the ability to shift attention between two targets, memory, and motor capacity in the infant's learning of contingencies. A number of studies have shown that developmentally delayed infants, in particular pre-term infants, may have difficulties in information processing (e.g., Millar et al, 1991;Rose et al, 1988) and perceiving contingencies Millar, 1985;Millar et al, 1992). Given these difficulties in information processing among pre-term infants, a negative relationship can be expected between neonatal risk factors, such as gestational age, birthweight on the one hand, and speed of contingency detection on the other.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Mother–infant interaction and contingency learning in pre-term infants

Wijnroks

1997

Early Dev. Parent.

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Contingency learning was assessed in 12-month-old pre-term infants and related to neonatal factors, and mother±infant interaction. Measures of speed of contingency detection and motivation to control stimulus-feedback were derived from behavioural observation and individual response patterns. The findings indicated that speed of contingency detection was related negatively to neonatal risk factors. Furthermore, motivation to control stimulus-feedback was related to maternal sensitivity and intrusiveness and the infant's positive behaviour and responsiveness. The results of this study demonstrate the usefulness of distinguishing between perception of the contingent relationship and motivation to control reinforcement. Further research is needed to examine the generalization of our results to samples of normal and healthy infants.

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The Relationship Between Encoding, Discriminative Capacities and Perinatal Risk Status in 4–12‐Month Old Infants

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

Visual habituation and dishabituation in preterm infants: A review and meta-analysis

Visual habituation and dishabituation in preterm infants: A review and meta-analysis

Infant information‐processing performance and maternal education

Mother–infant interaction and contingency learning in pre-term infants

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