The Relationship Between Extracellular Polysaccharide-Producing Streptococci and Smooth Surface Caries in 13-Year-Old Children

Stoppelaar, Joyce de; Houte, J. van; Dirks, O. Backer

doi:10.1159/000259582

Cited by 271 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, the present in vivo plaque biofilm studies in rats with normal salivary secretion showed no inhibition of S. mutans by S. gordonii, consistent with previous literature on human dental plaque (Krasse et al, 1968;de Stoppelaar et al, 1969;Folke et al, 1972;Loesche and Syed, 1973;Loesche et al, 1975;Staat et al, 1975;van Houte and Duchin, 1975;Swenson et al, 1976; Emilson and Figure 4. Recoveries of inoculants from rats' teeth 42 days after simultaneous (panels A and b) inoculations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Streptococcus mutans Out-competes Streptococcus gordonii in vivo

et al. 2012

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Streptococcus gordonii and Streptococcus mutans avidly colonize teeth. S. gordonii glucosyltransferase (GtfG) and amylase-binding proteins (AbpA/AbpB), and S. mutans glucosyltransferase (GtfB), affect their respective oral colonization abilities. We investigated their interrelationships and caries association in a rat model of human caries, examining the sequence of colonization and non- vs. high-sucrose diets, the latter being associated with aggressive decay in humans and rats. Virulence-characterized wild-types of both species and well-defined mutants of S. gordonii with interrupted abpA and gtfG genes were studied. While both S. gordonii and S. mutans were abundant colonizers of rat’s teeth in the presence of either diet, if inoculated singly, S. mutans always out-competed S. gordonii on the teeth, independent of diet, strain of S. mutans, simultaneous or sequential inoculation, or presence/absence of mutations of S. gordonii’s abpA and gtfG genes known to negatively or positively affect its colonization and to interact in vitro with S. mutans GtfB. S. mutans out-competed S. gordonii in in vivo plaque biofilm. Caries induction reflected S. mutans or S. gordonii colonization abundance: the former highly cariogenic, the latter not. S. gordonii does not appear to be a good candidate for replacement therapy. These results are consistent with human data.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Streptococcus mutans Out-competes Streptococcus gordonii in vivo

et al. 2012

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“…Early studies indicated that oral colonization by these organisms is greatly facilitated by diets containing sucrose (Krasse, 1965;Tanzer, 1979). The production of extracellular polymers, most notably glucans synthesized from sucrose, promoted oral colonization by S. mutans (de Stoppelaar et al, 1969) and thus would help explain the relationship between S. mutans, sucrose, and caries. The synthesis of these polymers is mediated by a family of extracellular enzymes, the glucosyltransferases (Gibbons and van Houte, 1975b).…”

Section: Adhesins Of Mutans Streptococcimentioning

confidence: 99%

Saliva-Bacterium Interactions in Oral Microbial Ecology

Scannapieco

1994

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

286

250

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Saliva is thought to have a significant impact on the colonization of microorganisms in the oral cavity. Salivary components may participate in this process by one of four general mechanisms: binding to microorganisms to facilitate their clearance from the oral cavity, serving as receptors in oral pellicles for microbial adhesion to host surfaces, inhibiting microbial growth or mediating microbial killing, and serving as microbial nutritional substrates. This article reviews information pertinent to the molecular interaction of salivary components with bacteria (primarily the oral streptococci and Actinomyces) and explores the implications of these interactions for oral bacterial colonization and dental plaque formation. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms controlling bacterial colonization of the oral cavity may suggest methods to prevent not only dental plaque formation but also serious medical infections that may follow microbial colonization of the oral cavity.

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“…The presence of these beneficial oral streptococci has been shown to improve oral health, by either competition with pathogens for nutrients in the oral cavity or by the production of inhibitory concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Populations of viridans group streptococci negatively correlate with the presence of many notable oral pathogens (2,3). However, recent work has demonstrated that in vitro Sg can grow in coculture with the opportunistic oral pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time mapping of a hydrogen peroxide concentration profile across a polymicrobial bacterial biofilm using scanning electrochemical microscopy

Liu

Ramsey

Chen

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

144

118

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Quantitative detection of hydrogen peroxide in solution above a Streptococcus gordonii (Sg) bacterial biofilm was studied in real time by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The concentration of hydrogen peroxide was determined to be 0.7 mM to 1.6 mM in the presence of 10 mM glucose over a period of 2 to 8 h. The hydrogen peroxide production measured was higher near the biofilm surface in comparison to Sg grown planktonically. Differential hydrogen peroxide production was observed both by fluorometric as well as by SECM measurements. The interaction between two different species in a bacterial biofilm of Sg and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) in terms of hydrogen peroxide production was also studied by SECM. One-directional y-scan SECM measurements showed the unique spatial mapping of hydrogen peroxide concentration across a mixed species biofilm and revealed that hydrogen peroxide concentration varies greatly dependent upon local species composition.real-time (detection) | metabolite efflux | local concentration | oral flora | Au UME S treptococcus gordonii (Sg) is a member of the viridans group streptococci-Gram-positive oral microbes that are known to ferment sugars into lactic acid and produce hydrogen peroxide in the presence of oxygen (1). The presence of these beneficial oral streptococci has been shown to improve oral health, by either competition with pathogens for nutrients in the oral cavity or by the production of inhibitory concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Populations of viridans group streptococci negatively correlate with the presence of many notable oral pathogens (2, 3). However, recent work has demonstrated that in vitro Sg can grow in coculture with the opportunistic oral pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) (4). In co-culture Aa preferentially utilizes Sg-produced lactic acid (5) and detoxifies Sg-produced hydrogen peroxide using the KatA enzyme (6). Recent work has demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide induces katA expression as well as apiA, which encodes an immunoprotective factor that renders Aa more resistant to killing by host innate immunity (5). These studies demonstrated induction of gene expression in mixed species biofilms by Sg-produced hydrogen peroxide. Because hydrogen peroxide is rapidly degraded by catalase and can also react with other biological materials, we sought to quantify local hydrogen peroxide concentrations in real time to be utilized for future polymicrobial experiments between Sg, Aa, and other oral bacteria.Previous measurements of hydrogen peroxide have been performed using fluorescence, spectroscopy and other methods (1, 7-10). However, current techniques lack the ability to quantify local hydrogen peroxide concentrations at the surface of a biofilm. In this study, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was used to address this problem. SECM has the unique ability to set the exact distance from a sensing tip [an ultramicroelectrode (UME) of size ∼10 to 25 μm diameter] to a substrate through a feedback approach curve (11)...

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The Relationship Between Extracellular Polysaccharide-Producing Streptococci and Smooth Surface Caries in 13-Year-Old Children

Cited by 271 publications

References 6 publications

Streptococcus mutans Out-competes Streptococcus gordonii in vivo

Streptococcus mutans Out-competes Streptococcus gordonii in vivo

Saliva-Bacterium Interactions in Oral Microbial Ecology

Real-time mapping of a hydrogen peroxide concentration profile across a polymicrobial bacterial biofilm using scanning electrochemical microscopy

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