The relationship between flash point and LFL with application to hybrid mixtures

Prugh, Richard W.

doi:10.1002/prs.10235

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In general, simplified models to describe the LFL are preferred by most authors in the field of FP prediction. Other models for LFL of pure substances are available in the literature. − However, most FP models ignore the dependency of LFL on temperature or pressure because close to the FP the LFL is almost constant …”

Section: Flash Point Prediction Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixture Flash Point Calculation: Recent Advances and a Closer Look at Biodiesel

Costa do Nascimento,

Souza,

Hentges

et al. 2024

ACS Chem. Health Saf.

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To safely handle, transport, and store flammable or combustible liquids, such as biodiesel and its blends, it is important to have knowledge of a few physical-chemical properties. The Flash Point is an important one, as it is related to the flammability of the fuel blend. It can be experimentally measured through open cup or closed cup standard procedures. However, due to the usual scarcity of experimental data for multicomponent systems, developing a model to predict flash points of mixtures is of interest. To do so, there are a few possible approaches, which include empirical regression of data, vapor pressure-based methods, and QSPR. When it comes to mixtures, the most popular modeling method is based on vapor pressure, which usually employs LeChatelier's rule and vapor−liquid equilibria (VLE) calculations to flash point prediction. Generally, a γ−φ approach is adopted to describe the VLE behavior, although some authors have shown interest in φ−φ approaches. In recent years, studies on QSPR for FP prediction of mixtures have evolved, which represents an advance toward more generalized FP prediction models. Additionally, COSMO type models have been gaining attention in FP prediction, usually associated with vapor pressure models or even empirical models. When it comes to biodiesel though, not much progress has been made since 2014, with just a few works being published since then. This paper seeks to review advances made in FP prediction methods for mixtures in general, while giving attention to those involving biodiesel and petro-diesel.

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Section: Flash Point Prediction Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixture Flash Point Calculation: Recent Advances and a Closer Look at Biodiesel

Costa do Nascimento,

Souza,

Hentges

et al. 2024

ACS Chem. Health Saf.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Leslie and Geniesse [3] proposed that the flash point occurs when enough vapors evolve to form some constant fraction of the stoichiometric combustion concentration. In other 1.84 6.36 Ishiuchi [8] 2.06 7.44 Prugh [9] 2.14 7.80 Metcalfe [10] 2.42 8.70 Blinov [11] 2.58 9.04 Shebeko [11] 2.79 9.83 Butler Approximation [12] 3.03 10.34 Affens (from VP) [13] 3.09 10.55 Korolchenko [11] 3.18 11.05 Modified Satyanarayana-Kakati [14] 3.25 11.79 Patil [15] 3.29 11.11 Wang-Sun [16] 3.38 11.52 Hshieh [17] 3.39 11.96 Oehley [18] 3.89 13.40 Bodhurtha [19] 4.54 15.99 Butler [12] 4.55 16.03 Affens [13] 4 [29] 19.90 67.43 Affens (from carbon number) [13] 22.20 76.78 words, the flash point (FP) may be related to the moles of oxygen required for stoichiometric combustion ( ) through the vapor pressure (P * ):…”

Section: Published Estimation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of pure‐component flash points for organic compounds

Rowley¹,

Rowley²,

Wilding³

2010

Fire and Materials

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SUMMARYPublished flash point prediction methods are evaluated for accuracy against experimental data from the DIPPR 801 database. The most accurate methods require a vapor pressure correlation, which is often not available. Two new methods are presented, one that uses the vapor pressure, and one based on the normal boiling point and enthalpy of vaporization at the normal boiling point. The vapor pressure method shows little improvement over the previous methods unless group contributions are implemented. The boiling point method predicts the flash point within an absolute average deviation of 1.3% when compared with data for more than 1000 compounds. The previous most accurate method that was not based on vapor pressure exhibited an absolute average deviation of 1.84% for the same test set.

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“…Biodiesel's low-temperature characteristics are critical for flow and engine performance because fuel solidification, whether partial or complete, can cause problems with the starter, driving, and engine damage due to insufficient lubrication[45]. The cloud point is the temperature at which the fuel becomes cold and forms wax crystals, giving off a foggy look[46]. A liquid's pour point is the temperature at which it loses its flow-ability.…”

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confidence: 99%

Preparation of Poly (AAc/AAm)/NaOH Hydrogel as a Catalyst for Electrolysis Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil

et al. 2022

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Biodiesel has been considered to be the best substitute for diesel due to its unique qualities which contribute to environmental conservation. This work was undertaken to transesterification process and the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil by electrolysis with a novel catalyst poly (AAc/AAm)/NaOH hydrogel. The catalyst was prepared by trapping sodium hydroxide in polyacrylic acid and acrylamide poly (AAc/AAm) to be used as a strong basic heterogeneous catalyst.The swelling of prepared hydrogel with different doses of cross-linker were examined. The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were employed to characterize the prepared catalyst. The degree of conversion of WCO to biodiesel expressed as fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) was determined via high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), as well as the composition of FAMEs by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Technical Details and Standards of biodiesel prepared from WCO were also characterized. Optimization of the electrolysis catalyzed process revealed that the optimum conditions employed for electrolysis process to produce the most promising results 92.8 % for biodiesel yield were oil: methanol molar ratio 1:35, d ose of electrolyte salt (NaCl) 0.7g / 40 g oil, water dose used to dissolve the electrolyte salt 1.6 % related to oil volume and electrical potential required was 30 volt and catalyst dose 20% related to oil weight over a reaction duration of 60 minutes un der ambient reaction conditions.

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The relationship between flash point and LFL with application to hybrid mixtures

Cited by 15 publications

References 8 publications

Mixture Flash Point Calculation: Recent Advances and a Closer Look at Biodiesel

Mixture Flash Point Calculation: Recent Advances and a Closer Look at Biodiesel

Prediction of pure‐component flash points for organic compounds

Preparation of Poly (AAc/AAm)/NaOH Hydrogel as a Catalyst for Electrolysis Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil

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