The relationship between gunshot-residue particle size and Boltzmann distribution

Kara, İ̇lker

doi:10.1080/20961790.2020.1713433

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…It can be seen from the results that GSR particles are formed, it is not caused by simple solidification as a result of many complex effects such as under high pressure and temperature and environmental conditions. On the other hand, it supports the hypothesis that the GSR particles in the liquid state are solidified in sustainable equilibrium by splitting and aggregation (Kara, 2020). As a result, it is understood that the characteristic spherical structures (10–20 mm in size) are denser in the dimensional distribution of GSR particles obtained from MKEK brand ammunition.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…It is accepted that the morphological structure of GSR particles is spheroid as a result of it being formed by random dispersion (Kara, 2020). However, the observation of rapid formation (a few milliseconds) of GSR particles under high pressure and temperature and the dispersion of particle dimensions shows that it does not result from a simple solidification.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During this state, GSR are under high energy and unbalanced forces. GSR particles in a liquid state tend to solidify as spheroid dribbles in the same volume with the lowest amount of surface area to reach a minimum energy level and reduce the unbalanced forces (Kara, 2020). The best example of this situation is a perfect sphere (see Figure 3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the adhesion force between the surfaces of GSR particles is strong enough, these forces tie the particles together and form macrostructures (see Figure 3a). GSR particles in a liquid state solidify sustainably by separation and addition (Kara, 2020). To comprehend the general behavior of dimensional dispersion during the formation of GSR, a detailed model could be analyzed with a quantitative method.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Digital image analysis of gunshot residue dimensional dispersion by computer vision method

Kara

Tahıllıoğlu

2021

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Detection and identification of gunshot residues (GSR) have been used as base evidence in elucidating forensic cases. GSR particles consist of burnt and partially unburned material and contaminate the hands, face, hair, and clothes of the shooter when coming out of the gun. Nowadays, GSR samples are collected from the hands of the suspect and are analyzed routinely in forensic laboratories by the scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) method. GSR particles are comprised of a morphological and specific structure (generally spherical and have a diameter between 0 and 100 μm [occasionally even larger]). In addition, the present studies in the field have claimed that GSR particles during formation are formed under equilibrium surface distribution and are unrelated to morphological dimensional classification. Our contribution to this study is two-folded. First, this study offers a new approach to identify images of GSR particles by computer vision gathered by SEM/EDS method from the hand of the shooter. Second, it presents open access to the SEM/EDS image data set of the analyzed GSR. During the study, a new data set consisting of 22,408 samples from three different types of MKEK (Mechanical and Chemical Industries Corporation) brand ammunition has been used.It is seen in the results that the computer vision method has been successful in the dimensional classification of GSR.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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