Background This study assessed workplace violence experiences among Korean employees and its influence on mental and physical health.Methods Using the 2017 Fifth Korea Youth Working Conditions Survey, 50,205 workers were analyzed. Experiences of workplace violence were assessed across four categories: verbal violence, unwanted sexual attention, threatening behavior, and humiliation. Mental health included anxiety, sleep problems, depressive symptoms, and physical health included hearing loss/dermatological problems, back pain, limbs myalgia, headache/eye stain, occupational injury, and overall fatigue.Results Experience of workplace violence was more common among workers with poor health (subjectively measured), chronic disease, long weekly working hours, shift work, or jobs in the service industry. Experience of workplace violence was associated with increased anxiety, sleep problems, depression symptoms, and physical health problems.Conclusions Prevention of workplace violence is essential to improve the health of workers.