The relationship between host selection behaviour and offspring fitness in a koinobiont parasitoid

Rivero, Ana

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2311.2000.00276.x

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…When host quality varies, optimal foraging theory assumes that parasitic wasps select hosts in a manner that increases individual fitness of their progeny (Rivero, 2000). In idiobiont parasitoids, especially larval parasitoids, where the hosts Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, in this study, S. agrili females only select the third and fourth instar host larvae for ovipositon (EAB has four larval instars). Whereas in the koinobiont parasitoids, host selection may not reflect current host quality but may be based on an assessment of future growth rates and resources available for the developing larvae, because the hosts continue developing for a certain period after parasitization (Rivero, 2000). Furthermore, the reason why koinobiont parasitoids choose small hosts to attack may be little energy needed to overcome them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationships between the emergence and oviposition of ectoparasitoid Spathius agrili Yang and its host emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire

Wang

Yang

Guijun³

et al. 2007

Front. Forest. China

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Relationships between the emergence and oviposition of ectoparasitoid Spathius agrili Yang and its host emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire Abstract Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), (= A. marcopoli Obenberger), is an important bark beetle attacking ash trees (Fraxinus spp.). It is very difficult to detect and control because of its highly concealed life history. This pest mainly distributed in partial Asian countries (China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia) and Far East Russia, while in China it presented in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Taiwan Provinces and Tianjin City, etc. The important timber species F. mandshurica and gardening tree F. velutina were damaged severely in northern China. Spathius agrili Yang (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is an important ectoparasitic wasp of the EAB larvae. This parasitoid has the potential to use as an excellent biological control agent for suppressing populations of EAB. The differences of emergence date between overwintered S. agrili and its host, parasitism rates at different periods, relations between parasitism rates and host densities, and relationships between ovipositions of braconid wasp and body sizes of host larvae were studied using methods of regular surveys in forests and observations in laboratory. Results revealed that the emergence of S. agrili was more than one month later than that of its host. It suggests good synchrony between parasitoid emergence and host availability. The overwintered S. agrili emerged from mid (in laboratory). The emergence date of parasitoid asynchronously inosculated with the optimum developmental instars of the earliest host larvae, which was the result of a long-term co-evolution between the two species. It was also suggested that the parasitoid S. agrili could be a specialized natural enemy for EAB. The natural parasitism rates on the whole gradually increased in field with time. The body sizes of host larvae, i.e. larval instar, affected the decision of parasitoid S. agrili to lay eggs or not. Under natural conditions, this parasitoid usually oviposited only on those host larvae with a prontum and body width more than 1.5 mm, and a body length in excess of 12 mm, i.e. the third or fourth instar larvae. These findings would consequentially contribute to the further successfully biological control of the trunk borer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between the emergence and oviposition of ectoparasitoid Spathius agrili Yang and its host emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire

Wang

Yang

Guijun³

et al. 2007

Front. Forest. China

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“…nov near sinope, host selection behavior may not be based on current host quality but on the future growth potential and resource availability to the developing offspring (Kouamé & Mackauer, 1991;Rivero, 2000;Li & Mills, 2004). nov near sinope larvae that allow young P. madeirensis to continue development and emerge from the mealybugs mummified at a later developmental stage gained higher fitness, as suggested by the larger brood size and body sizes, than those that mummified and emerged in younger hosts.…”

Section: Host Stage Suitabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Host stage selection of the mealybug parasitoid Anagyrus spec. nov near sinope

Chong

Oetting

2006

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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The mealybug parasitoid Anagyrus spec. nov near sinope (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is an undescribed parasitoid of the Madeira mealybug, Phenacoccus madeirensis Green (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). We investigated the preference of Anagyrus spec. nov near sinope for six developmental stadia (first-and second-instar nymphs, third-instar immature females, third-or fourth-instar immature males, pre-reproductive adult females, and ovipositing adult females) of P. madeirensis and the fitness consequences of the host stage selection behavior. In the no-choice test, Anagyrus spec. nov near sinope parasitized and completed development in all host stadia except third-instar immature males. When all host stadia were offered simultaneously, the parasitoids preferred third-instar immature and pre-reproductive adult females. Dissection of the stung mealybugs revealed that the clutch size (number of eggs per host) was approximately four and three in the third-instar and pre-reproductive females, respectively, and one egg per first-instar nymph. Parasitoids emerged from P. madeirensis parasitized at third-instar or pre-reproductive adult female completed development in the shortest duration, achieved a higher progeny survival rate, larger brood and body size, and the lowest proportion of males. We showed that the continued development of mealybugs had significant influence on the fitness of the parasitoids. Although deposited as eggs in first-or second-instar nymphs, parasitoids emerged from mummies that had attained third-instar or adult development achieved similar progeny survival rate, brood size, body size, and sex ratio as those parasitoids deposited and developed in third-instar or adult mealybugs. By delaying larval development in young mealybugs, Anagyrus spec. nov near sinope achieved higher fitness by allowing the parasitized mealybugs to grow and accumulate body size and resources. We suggest that the fitness consequence of host stage selection of a koinobiont parasitoid should be evaluated on both the time of parasitism and the time of mummification.

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“…For instance, size and age may vary independently in host eggs and pupae, and the suitability of these hosts for the development of idiobiont offspring also varies with age with younger eggs or pupae containing more resources than older hosts (Mackauer & Sequeira, 1993;Ueno, 1997;Wang & Liu, 2002). Although koinobionts can successfully parasitize hosts of various sizes or ages, their suitability for offspring development may vary with age but the larger and/or older hosts are not always the optimal ones (Godfray, 1994;Harvey & Vet, 1997;Murdoch et al, 1997;Rivero, 2000;Jenner & Kuhlmann, 2006). Although koinobionts can successfully parasitize hosts of various sizes or ages, their suitability for offspring development may vary with age but the larger and/or older hosts are not always the optimal ones (Godfray, 1994;Harvey & Vet, 1997;Murdoch et al, 1997;Rivero, 2000;Jenner & Kuhlmann, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diadegma mollipla parasitizing Plutella xylostella: host instar preference and suitability

Nofemela¹,

Kfir

2007

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Oviposition decisions (i.e., host selection and sex allocation) of female parasitoids are expected to correspond with host quality, as their offspring fitness is dependent on the amount and quality of resources provided by a single host. The host size model assumes that host quality is a linear function of host size, with larger hosts believed to contain a greater quantity of resources, and thus be more profitable than smaller hosts. We tested this assertion in the laboratory on a solitary larval-pupal parasitoid Diadegma mollipla (Holmgren) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) developing on three instars (second-fourth) of one of its hosts, the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). In a no-choice test, parasitism levels and sex ratio (i.e., proportion of female progeny) were significantly high in hosts attacked in the second instar followed by third then fourth instars. However, the few parasitoids that completed a generation from the fourth instars did so significantly faster than conspecifics that started development in the other two instars. In direct observations, however, the parasitoids (i) randomly attacked the various host instars, (ii) spent a similar period examining the various host instars with their ovipositors, (iii) subdued all three host instars with about the same effort, and (iv) no statistical differences were observed in the attack rates on the three host instars. In a choice test, the females parasitized significantly more third instars followed by second then fourth instars. However, total parasitism in this experiment was 43% lower compared to parasitism of only second instars in the no-choice test. No significant differences were detected in progeny sex ratios. In both choice and no-choice tests, significantly more fourth instars died during the course of the experiments than second instars, while third instars were intermediate. The higher parasitism of third than second instars in the choice test indicates that the females perceived larger hosts as higher quality than smaller hosts, despite their lower suitability for larval development.

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The relationship between host selection behaviour and offspring fitness in a koinobiont parasitoid

Cited by 22 publications

References 20 publications

Relationships between the emergence and oviposition of ectoparasitoid Spathius agrili Yang and its host emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire

Relationships between the emergence and oviposition of ectoparasitoid Spathius agrili Yang and its host emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire

Host stage selection of the mealybug parasitoid Anagyrus spec. nov near sinope

Diadegma mollipla parasitizing Plutella xylostella: host instar preference and suitability

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