The relationship between individual characteristics and experienced presence

Ling, Yun; Nefs, Harold T.; Brinkman, Willem‐Paul; Qu, Chao; Heynderickx, Ingrid

doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.010

Cited by 105 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The relationship was instead explained through measures of involvement, realism and the general sense of 'being there'. Consistent with this null result, Ling et al (2013) also failed to find a correlation between spatial intelligence and spatial presence using both a HMD and a desktop system to present virtual environments. Again, spatial intelligence was indexed using a mental rotation test.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…In keeping with previous research, a mental rotations test was administered (Alsina-Jurnet & Gutiérrez-Maldonado 2010; Ling et al 2013) and the standardised test provided by Peters et al (1995) was chosen for this purpose. This is a re-drawn version of a test developed by Vandenberg and Kuse (1978).…”

Section: Spatial Ability Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is important because whilst the process model (Wirth et al 2007) might extend across both desktop systems and HMDs there is no empirical evidence to support this assumption in terms of this relationship, and there are reports of being unable to find such evidence when looked for (Alsina-Jurnet & Gutiérrez-Maldonado 2010; Ling et al 2013). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike research with desktop systems, research with HMDs has failed to demonstrate the predicted relationship between spatial presence and spatial ability (Alsina-Jurnet & Gutiérrez-Maldonado 2010;Ling et al 2013). Alsina-Jurnet and Gutiérrez-Maldonado (2010) investigated a range of measures that may predict individual differences in experiences of presence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extent to which someone experiences this sense of location within a digital environment varies between individuals. These differences may relate to both technical variables (see Cummings & Bailenson 2015) and characteristics of the individual (see Ling et al 2013). Central to several theoretical accounts is the basic assumption that spatial presence will, in part, be determined by how efficiently we mentally process the spatial relations within the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Individual differences in virtual reality: Are spatial presence and spatial ability linked?

2016

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Abstract:One aim of virtual reality technology is to immerse the user in a digital environment that is distinct from physical reality. Feeling spatially located in this digital environment is central to the experience, and is more formally known as spatial presence. Experiences of spatial presence differ between individuals; prominent theories assume that these differences may, in part, be explained by differences in more general spatial abilities.Whilst there is some support for this claim with desktop systems there is currently no direct empirical evidence to support this with more immersive technologies such as Head Mounted Displays (HMDs). In this study participants completed three different measures of spatial ability before experiencing two virtual environments. These measures included: a self-report of visuospatial imagery; the mental rotations test; and a test of topographical memory. After completing the measures, participants briefly experienced a virtual city and a virtual train ride through a HMD. The user's head movements were tracked and visual displays were updated to give the sense of a full 360 o environment. After each experience the participants reported how present they felt and the extent to which they had a mental model of the environment. Self-reports of imagery were positively correlated with reports of spatial presence, consistent with previous literature. However, spatial presence was not related to performance on either of the more objective tests. Whilst this provides confirmatory evidence that self-reports of imagery can predict presence it is still unclear which more basic spatial abilities, if any, could underlie this relationship.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Spatial Ability Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Individual differences in virtual reality: Are spatial presence and spatial ability linked?

2016

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Human Factors in Social Media

Gao

Chen

2021

Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics

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The Construction and Validation of the SP-IE Questionnaire: An Instrument for Measuring Spatial Presence in Immersive Environments

Khenak

Vézien

Bourdot

2019

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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The present study describes the construction and validation of an instrument for measuring spatial presence (the sense of "being there") in the context of highly immersive environments: the SP-IE [Spatial Presence for Immersive Environments] questionnaire, for use in the French-speaking community. A first raw version of the questionnaire was submitted to an item selection procedure and reliability tests with 67 participants. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with 179 participants was then employed on the resulting version of the questionnaire to explore its underlying scales. Finally, the outcome scale-structure from the EFA was evaluated using confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs). This process resulted in a well-structured 20-item questionnaire, based on seven scales: (i) the sense of spatial presence, (ii) the affordance of the environment, (iii) the user's enjoyment, (iv) the user's attention allocation to the task, (v) the sense of reality attributed to the environment, (vi) the social embodiment with avatars, and (vii) the possible negative effects of the environment (cybersickness). Results showed overall good internal consistency and satisfactory convergent validity of the scales. The fit indexes obtained (X²/df = 1.34, GFI = .95, CFI= .90 , TLI = .87, SRMR = .068 , and RSMEA = .045) demonstrated a good fitness of the structure proposed. However, even though the scale structure proposed in this paper was confirmed, its low discriminant validity encourages further evaluations.

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The relationship between individual characteristics and experienced presence

Cited by 105 publications

References 44 publications

Individual differences in virtual reality: Are spatial presence and spatial ability linked?

Individual differences in virtual reality: Are spatial presence and spatial ability linked?

Human Factors in Social Media

The Construction and Validation of the SP-IE Questionnaire: An Instrument for Measuring Spatial Presence in Immersive Environments

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