The relationship between insight and autobiographical memory for emotional events in schizophrenia

MacDougall, Arlene; McKinnon, Margaret C.; Herdman, Katherine A.; King, Mary Lou; Kiang, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.12.058

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…However, there was no significant difference in vividness in their AM compared with controls. 3) In patients’ life stories, the emotional valence was less positive compared to controls. 4) Patients’ AM reasoning (i.e.,,meaning-making) and coherence of stories were significantly poorer. 5) No difference was observed in scores for culture life scripts.47Buck et al (2015) [79]USOutpatients, n = 41• IPII*1) In patients’ narratives, their anticipatory pleasure was positively correlated with first-person plural pronouns (i.e., we, us, and our), and connection to the past in storytelling.Socializing with others could make patients feel pleasure. Moreover, authors pointed out that the capacity to experience pleasure was related to one’s past; as seen in a meaningful way by the individual.0.955 2) Also, patients’ consummatory pleasure was positively correlated with first-person plural pronouns, and connection to the past in storytelling. 3) No significant relationship was observed between psychosis symptoms with the ability of experiencing pleasure.48MacDougall et al (2015) [80]CanadaOutpatients, n = 24• To recollect 3 events in highly positive, highly negative, and neutral emotions.1) Patients’ poorer performance in episodic memory for negative events predicted their lower insight (regarding social consequences) into their illness.Authors suggested that AM performance predicted patient insight about their mental illness.0.90949Alle et al (2016) [81]FranceStudy 1:Outpatients, n = 20Controls, n = 21Samples were matched in age.Study 2:Outpatients, n = 30Controls, n = 28Samples were match in age, level of education, and IQ.• Life narratives with free recall (Study 1)• Life narratives with structured protocol (Study 2): 7 important events.1) Study 1: No difference between controls and patients in length of narratives.Reduced global temporal coherence may be due to lower levels of executive functioning. Authors also emphasise the method of collecting life stories with a more structured protocol; global temporal coherence among controls and patients was enhanced.0.955 2) No difference between groups in terms of local indicators (i.e., date, age, life period, and distance from the present). 3) Study 2: Patients’ executive functioning was significantly lower than controls and their narratives were shorter. 4) However, patients’ capacities for identifying event order throughout the narratives (i.e., global temporal coherence) were poorer than controls, and there were more temporal distortion in patients’ narratives compared with controls in both studies. 5) With structured protocol, controls and patients appeared to score higher in global temporal coherence. 6) No difference was observed in temporal distortion and elaboration of ending in both studies.50Holm et al (2016) [82]Denmark…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of autobiographical memory studies on patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

et al. 2019

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BackgroundPatients suffering from schizophrenia spectrum disorders demonstrate various cognitive deficiencies, the most pertinent one being impairment in autobiographical memory. This paper reviews quantitative research investigating deficits in the content, and characteristics, of autobiographical memories in individuals with schizophrenia. It also examines if the method used to activate autobiographical memories influenced the results and which theoretical accounts were proposed to explain the defective recall of autobiographical memories in patients with schizophrenia.MethodsPsycINFO, Web of Science, and PubMed databases were searched for articles published between January 1998 and December 2018. Fifty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies implemented the generative retrieval strategy by inducing memories through cue words or pictures, the life-stage method, or open-ended retrieval method. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement guidelines were followed for this review.ResultsMost studies reported that patients with schizophrenia retrieve less specific autobiographical memories when compared to a healthy control group, while only three studies indicated that both groups performed similarly on memory specificity. Patients with schizophrenia also exhibited earlier reminiscence bumps than those for healthy controls. The relationship between comorbid depression and autobiographical memory specificity appeared to be independent because patients’ memory specificity improved through intervention, but their level of depression remained unchanged. The U-shaped retrieval pattern for memory specificity was not consistent. Both the connection between the history of attempted suicide and autobiographical memory specificity, and the relationship between psychotic symptoms and autobiographical memory specificity, remain inconclusive. Patients’ memory specificity and coherence improved through cognitive training.ConclusionsThe overgeneral recall of autobiographical memory by patients with schizophrenia could be attributed to working memory, the disturbing concept of self, and the cuing method implemented. The earlier reminiscence bump for patients with schizophrenia may be explained by the premature closure of the identity formation process due to the emergence of psychotic symptoms during early adulthood. Protocol developed for this review was registered in PROSPERO (registration no: CRD42017062643).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of autobiographical memory studies on patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

et al. 2019

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“…Poor insight has been correlated with difficulties in set shifting in acute and non-acute phases of schizophrenia 121,122 , the ability to change behavior following feedback on an executive function task 123 , complex motor sequencing 124 , and the ability to recall autobiographical details about negative events 125 .…”

Section: Neurocognition As a Root Of Poor Insightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: relationship with behavior, mood and perceived quality of life, underlying causes and emerging treatments

et al. 2018

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Poor insight in schizophrenia is prevalent across cultures and phases of illness. In this review, we examine the recent research on the relationship of insight with behavior, mood and perceived quality of life, on its complex roots, and on the effects of existing and emerging treatments. This research indicates that poor insight predicts poorer treatment adherence and therapeutic alliance, higher symptom severity and more impaired community function, while good insight predicts a higher frequency of depression and demoralization, especially when coupled with stigma and social disadvantage. This research also suggests that poor insight may arise in response to biological, experiential, neuropsychological, social-cognitive, metacognitive and socio-political factors. Studies of the effects of existing and developing treatments indicate that they may influence insight. In the context of earlier research and historical models, these findings support an integrative model of poor insight. This model suggests that insight requires the integration of information about changes in internal states, external circumstances, others' perspectives and life trajectory as well as the multifaceted consequences and causes of each of those changes. One implication is that treatments should, beyond providing education, seek to assist persons with schizophrenia to integrate the broad range of complex and potentially deeply painful experiences which are associated with mental illness into their own personally meaningful, coherent and adaptive picture.

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“…A separate study suggested that poor awareness of symptoms and consequences of illness were linked to reduced flexibility to manipulate incoming information [62]. Another study showed that deficits in episodic memory for negative autobiographical events likely play a role in impaired insight in schizophrenia [63]. As in the case of symptoms, a complicating factor is that poor neurocognition could also contribute to treatment non-adherence, creating another feedback loop through which symptoms and insight could be related.…”

Section: Neurocognition and Anomalous Brain Structure And Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrative model of the impairments in insight in schizophrenia: emerging research on causal factors and treatments

Vohs

George

Leonhardt

et al. 2016

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

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Introduction: Poor insight, or unawareness of some major aspect of mental illness, is a major barrier to wellness when it interferes with persons seeking out treatment or forming their own understanding of the challenges they face. One barrier to addressing impaired insight is the absence of a comprehensive model of how poor insight develops. Areas covered: To explore this issue we review how poor insight is the result of multiple phenomena which interfere with the construction of narrative accounts of psychiatric challenges, rather than a single social or biological cause.Expert Commentary: We propose an integrative model of poor insight in schizophrenia which involves the interaction of symptoms, deficits in neurocognition, social cognition, metacognition, and stigma. Emerging treatments for poor insight including therapies which focus on the development of metacognition are discussed.

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The relationship between insight and autobiographical memory for emotional events in schizophrenia

Cited by 9 publications

References 48 publications

A review of autobiographical memory studies on patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

A review of autobiographical memory studies on patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: relationship with behavior, mood and perceived quality of life, underlying causes and emerging treatments

An integrative model of the impairments in insight in schizophrenia: emerging research on causal factors and treatments

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