THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LATITUDE AND THE EMERGENCE OF ALFALFA LEAFCUTTER BEES, <i>MEGACHILE ROTUNDATA</i> (HYMENOPTERA: MEGACHILIDAE)

Pankiw, P.; Lieverse, J. A. C.; Siemens, B.

doi:10.4039/ent112555-6

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…However, we still recommend reporting the mean body mass of test populations in solitary bee pesticide risk assessment. The mean body mass of M. rotundata is affected by latitude ( Pankiw, Lieverse & Siemens, 2012 ), production protocols ( Pitts-Singer & Cane, 2011 ), environmental conditions, and food quality and quantity ( Klostermeyer, Stephen & Rasmussen, 1973 ; Rothschild, 1979 ). As risk assessments are based on data compiled from multiple experiments using sample populations from different locations, it would be prudent to report the mean body mass of the bees in these various experimental groups to account for some of the differences in estimates generated from different sample populations from different locations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact toxicity of three insecticides for use in tier I pesticide risk assessments withMegachile rotundata(Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

Ansell

Frewin

Gradish

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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The current pesticide risk assessment paradigm may not adequately protect solitary bees as it focuses primarily on the honey bee (Apis mellifera). The alfalfa leafcutting bee (Megachile rotundata) is a potential surrogate species for use in pesticide risk assessment for solitary bees in North America. However, the toxicity of potential toxic reference standards to M. rotundata will need to be determined before pesticide risk assessment tests (tier I trials) can be implemented. Therefore, we assessed the acute topical toxicity and generated LD50 values for three insecticides: dimethoate (62.08 ng a.i./bee), permethrin (50.01 ng a.i./bee), and imidacloprid (12.82 ng a.i/bee). The variation in the mass of individual bees had a significant but small effect on these toxicity estimates. Overall, the toxicity of these insecticides to M. rotundata were within the 10-fold safety factor currently used with A. mellifera toxicity estimates from tier I trials to estimate risk to other bee species. Therefore, tier I pesticide risk assessments with solitary bees may not be necessary, and efforts could be directed to developing more realistic, higher-tier pesticide risk assessment trials for solitary bees.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact toxicity of three insecticides for use in tier I pesticide risk assessments withMegachile rotundata(Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

Ansell

Frewin

Gradish

et al. 2021

PeerJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, we still recommend reporting the mean body mass of test populations in solitary bee pesticide risk assessment. The mean body mass of M. rotundata is affected by latitude (Pankiw, Lieverse & Siemens, 2012), production protocols (Pitts-Singer & Cane, 2011), environmental conditions, and food quality and quantity (Klostermeyer, Stephen & Rasmussen, 1973;Rothschild, 1979). As risk assessments are based on data compiled from multiple experiments using sample populations from different locations, it would be prudent to report the mean body mass of the bees in these various experimental groups to account for some of the differences in estimates generated from different sample populations from different locations.…”

Section: Peerj Reviewing Pdf | (mentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #1 of "Contact toxicity of three insecticides for use in tier I pesticide risk assessments with Megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) (v0.1)"

Peterson¹

2021

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The current pesticide risk assessment paradigm may not adequately protect solitary bees as it focuses primarily on the honey bee (Apis mellifera). The alfalfa leafcutting bee (Megachile rotundata) is a potential surrogate species for use in pesticide risk assessment for solitary bees in North America. However, the toxicity of potential toxic reference standards to M. rotundata will need to be determined before pesticide risk assessment tests (tier I trials) can be implemented. Therefore, we assessed the acute topical toxicity and generated LD 50 values for three insecticides: dimethoate (62.08 ng a.i./bee), permethrin (50.01 ng a.i./bee), and imidacloprid (12.82 ng a.i/bee). The variation in the mass of individual bees had a significant but small effect on these toxicity estimates.Overall, the toxicity of these insecticides to M. rotundata were within the 10-fold safety factor currently used with A. mellifera toxicity estimates from tier I trials to estimate risk to other bee species. Therefore, tier I pesticide risk assessments with solitary bees may not be necessary, and efforts could be directed to developing more realistic, higher-tier pesticide risk assessment trials for solitary bees.

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“…Diapause development, as in other typical temperate species, normally requires prolonged exposure to low temperatures (e.g. Schmidt 1977;Werner 1977;Pankiw and Lieverse 1980). Photoperiod also influences diapause development in some species (Harvey 1958 for C. fumiferana).…”

Section: Dormancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Insects of the Boreal Zone of Canada

Danks

Foottit²

1989

Can Entomol

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The boreal zone of Canada extends across the continent over millions of square kilometres. Characterizing the insects of this cool temperate zone is especially important for an understanding of the Canadian fauna in general, and for northern forestry. The boreal zone supports simple coniferous forests with some deciduous trees and an understory of a few common vascular plants, mosses, and lichens. This enormous area of apparently similar vegetation nevertheless shows very great spatial and temporal heterogeneity, with a wide range of subhabitats. Aquatic habitats of many different kinds are especially well represented in the zone. The diversity of terrestrial habitats is maintained chiefly by disturbance, especially fire and seasonal flooding, and contributes greatly to faunal diversity.About 22 000 insect species are estimated to occur in the zone, far fewer than in more southern zones. Northern taxa, notably Diptera, are relatively well represented. The distributions and patterns of variation of the species are summarized. About half have transcontinental ranges, and many occur also in forested habitats in the western mountains south of the boreal zone. About 8% of the species appear to be holarctic. Few species that occur in the boreal zone are strictly confined to it, however. Generalist species in fresh water and other widespread habitats are conspicuous. Many species are centred farther south, and extend northward into the zone to varying degrees.Adaptations to northern conditions have been reported in many boreal insects. For example, the short growing season is reflected by the prevalence of univoltine species. Insects survive the long cold winters by cold-hardiness and dormancies. Species from disturbed habitats disperse widely. The limited diversity of resources is confirmed by the fact that the food range of some groups of herbivores is wider than in their southern relatives.Boreal ecosystem relationships are complex, especially relative to the arctic. Numerous associations among insects, and between insects and other organisms, have been demonstrated. However, some evidence suggests that the structure of northern biotic communities might depend more on the tolerances of individual species than on interactions among the species.The population dynamics of boreal forest insects, notably the spruce budworm, are discussed. In view of the spatial and temporal complexity of the boreal zone, the diversity of interactions with abiotic and biotic factors, and the prevalence of data that correlate with rather than explain population changes, our current failure to understand “outbreaks” of certain boreal insects is not surprising, because many factors probably combine to determine the population of a given species at a given lime and place.Information on most aspects of the composition and biology of the boreal fauna is incomplete. Data on boreal species have been collected chiefly in southern transitional ecosystems adjacent to boreal zones, rather than in truly boreal systems. Basic taxonomic information on several important taxa, as well as detailed taxonomic and morphometric information about individual species, is especially scanty. However, substantial and coordinated studies of boreal faunas will yield information of great interest and value. Some approaches relevant to further work in taxonomic and ecological arenas are suggested.

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LATITUDE AND THE EMERGENCE OF ALFALFA LEAFCUTTER BEES, MEGACHILE ROTUNDATA (HYMENOPTERA: MEGACHILIDAE)

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

Contact toxicity of three insecticides for use in tier I pesticide risk assessments withMegachile rotundata(Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

Contact toxicity of three insecticides for use in tier I pesticide risk assessments withMegachile rotundata(Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

Peer Review #1 of "Contact toxicity of three insecticides for use in tier I pesticide risk assessments with Megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) (v0.1)"

Insects of the Boreal Zone of Canada

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