The Relationship Between Linear Enamel Hypoplasia and Social Status in 18th to 19th Century Edo, Japan

Nakayama, Nana

doi:10.1002/oa.2515

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Oyamada et al (2012) demonstrated that Edo period females had higher prevalence of LEH than males in Fukuoka, western Japan. Among the 18th-and 19th-century population in Edo, however, no significant difference in LEH prevalence or number of LEHs per individual was found between sexes in any coffin groups (Nakayama, 2016). In this study, no significant difference in the LEH occurrence patterns was found between sexes in any time period or coffin group, and it is unlikely that the variation of sex distribution among different groups had an effect on the comparison of LEH occurrences.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

“…An absolute hierarchy of social status was characteristic of the Edo period society, which was established by the beginning of the 18th century (Asao, 1992). It is necessary to consider social status to make an effective comparison between the groups of different time periods, as a previous study revealed that higher-status individuals had fewer LEHs than lower-status individuals in 18th-and 19thcentury Edo (Nakayama, 2016). In the late Edo period, coffin types were closely associated with the social status of the deceased (Matsumoto, 1990;Tanigawa, 1992Tanigawa, , 1993Tanigawa, , 2004.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diachronic changes in linear enamel hypoplasia during the Edo period (1603–1867), Japan

Nakayama

2019

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Linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) is a useful indicator of childhood health. This study aimed at investigating whether there was any diachronic change in LEH occurrence during the Edo period (1603-1867). The Edo period, which experienced no major transition in subsistence and had no largescale contact with foreign population, did undergo various social changes that could have affected childhood health status. The skeletal remains of 144 adult individuals recovered from seven burial sites in Tokyo were examined. Based on historical records and archaeological evidence, these individuals were divided into two time-period groups, the early Edo period and the late Edo period. Each group was then subdivided into the two age-at-death groups of young and old. The late Edo period groups were also divided into coffin-type groups, which reflect their social status. Comparison of general prevalence, frequency distribution, and the mean number of LEHs observed per tooth revealed that the individuals of the late Edo period groups of any coffin type tend to have fewer LEHs than those of the early Edo period groups, and significant differences were found either in the frequency distribution or in the mean number of LEHs per tooth. Considering the possible factors that could affect the result, such as age-atdeath distribution and social status, the observed difference between the time periods can be attributed to diachronic change, which is assumed to be due to improvements in childhood health status during the Edo period. This assumption is compatible with historical evidence suggesting that the living environment in the city of Edo was improving in the 17th century and stabilized in the 18th century as a result of the establishment of basic infrastructure and improvements in public safety. The findings of this study will help us understand childhood health status in a changing society.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diachronic changes in linear enamel hypoplasia during the Edo period (1603–1867), Japan

Nakayama

2019

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“…As we know, its analysis enables a reconstruction of the level of health and, indirectly, also the economic and social status of the examined population. These studies reveal a general tendency that populations living at a high social level show, on average, a lower prevalence of enamel hypoplasia than communities in poor living conditions (e.g., Nakayama 2016, belonging to this individual was as follows (numbered according to FDI 1971): upper second incisor (22), upper first 14and second premolars (15, 25), upper first (26) and second (17) molars, lower first incisor (41), canine (43), both first premolars (44, 34), and first (36), second (37), and third (38, 48) molars (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Enamel hypoplasia in a Mesolithic (5900±100 BC) individual from Woźna Wieś (Poland): a case study

Tomczyk

Ostrowska

2018

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Modern anthropological research includes very sophisticated diagnostic methods. They allow us to obtain information that has not been available so far. The aim of this paper is to analyze, using current microscopic technologies, the Mesolithic dental material of one adult individual from Woźna Wieś (Poland). The present case study will focus on the analysis of enamel hypoplasia. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to count the number of perikymata building on the hypoplastic line. Linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) was diagnosed only on the right mandibular canine. The time of occurrence of environmental disturbance was estimated between about 4.2 and 4.9 years of age. The occlusal wall built the enamel hypoplasia with no more than three to four perikymata, meaning that the physiological stress had to have occurred over a fairly short period of time (about 30-40 days).

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“…Although differentiation of burial structures by social status was not necessarily evident in the earlier Edo period, before the 17th century (Tanigawa, ), a relatively high level of stress markers (Nagaoka & Hirata, ; Sawafuji et al, ; Yamamoto, ) and the location of the Hitotsubashi site within the settlement of the lower status population (Kato, ) suggest that the skeletons found at the Hitotsubashi site belonged to a lower status. A study comparing the prevalence of linear enamel hypoplasia, non‐specific indicators of stress (Katzenberg et al, ; Lewis, ), in the deciduous teeth from the Edo period suggests higher stress levels in people from lower social statuses (Nakayama, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Societal perceptions and lived experience: Infant feeding practices in premodern Japan

Tsutaya

Shimatani

Yoneda

et al. 2019

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: A change in how children were treated and valued occurred in premodern Japan, as popularized ideas of an inheritance-based family system led to more careful and affectionate child-rearing practices by lower social-status groups. A number of books were written, advising that breastfeeding should last approximately 3 years. The objective of this study is to reconstruct and compare breastfeeding and weaning practices before and after the transition, to illuminate the impact of documented changes in child-rearing practices on subadults' lived experience. Materials and Methods: Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic data were obtained from 40 subadult skeletons excavated from the Sakai Kango Toshi 871 (SKT871) site (late 17th-19th century, Osaka, Japan). Isotopic results from SKT871 were compared with previously reported results from the Hitotsubashi site (AD 1657-1683, Tokyo, Japan). Hitotsubashi and SKT871 represent urban populations of lower status before and after the transition of societal perception of subadults.Results: The most probable age at the end of weaning reconstructed in SKT871 was 1.9 years (1.4-2.7 years with a 95% credible interval) and was lower than that in Hitotsubashi (2.1-4.1 years with a 95% credible interval). Discussion:The age at the end of weaning became younger after the transition of societal perception toward subadults, and this younger weaning age is inconsistent with written recommendations for the duration of weaning in premodern Japan. It is possible that an increased need for inheritors under the inheritance-based family system led to earlier weaning and shorter inter-birth intervals, but authorities recommended an ideal practice of a longer breastfeeding period. K E Y W O R D Sbreastfeeding and weaning, burial practice, Edo period, perception toward subadults, stable isotope analysis

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The Relationship Between Linear Enamel Hypoplasia and Social Status in 18th to 19th Century Edo, Japan

Cited by 24 publications

References 41 publications

Diachronic changes in linear enamel hypoplasia during the Edo period (1603–1867), Japan

Diachronic changes in linear enamel hypoplasia during the Edo period (1603–1867), Japan

Enamel hypoplasia in a Mesolithic (5900±100 BC) individual from Woźna Wieś (Poland): a case study

Societal perceptions and lived experience: Infant feeding practices in premodern Japan

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