The relationship between maternal periodontitis and preterm low birth weight: A case-control study

Abstract

Background:The relationship between periodontal diseases in pregnancy and children born prematurely or with low birth weight has been increasingly investigated, showing positive and negative results, respectively. Objective: To evaluate the association between Maternal Periodontitis and Preterm delivery or Low Birth Weight.Materials and Methods:In this case-control study, 104 pregnant women without systemic disease or other risk factors for preterm labor were chosen. The control group (n = 52) had term labor (infants ≥37 weeks) and the case group (n = 52) had preterm labor (infants <37 weeks). Plaque index, bleeding index, and birth weight were measured.Results:The data of plaque index (cases 1.21±0.56; controls 0.63±0.31), bleeding index (cases, 2.08±0.62; controls, 1.52±0.61), birth weight (cases, 2.01±0.36; controls 2.87±0.32), and Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) ≥4mm and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) ≥3mm in at least 4 teeth (odds ratio 137.50, P value < 0.0001) revealed a statistically significant difference between the two groups P< 0.05).Conclusions:A noticeable relationship between periodontal health and duration of pregnancy; periodontal disease could be a risk factor for preterm labor. Oral hygiene maintenance should be a part of prenatal care protocol.

Effect of maternal periodontitis on GLUT4 and inflammatory pathway in adult offspring

“…The association demonstrated between maternal periodontal disease and LBW (Table ) corroborates some previous studies showing that maternal periodontal disease promotes adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as LBW and premature birth . Notwithstanding, other studies have failed to find effects of maternal periodontal disease on birth weights of offspring .…”

“…The association demonstrated between maternal periodontal disease and LBW ( Table 2) corroborates some previous studies showing that maternal periodontal disease promotes adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as LBW and premature birth. 13,[30][31][32] Notwithstanding, other studies have failed to find effects of maternal periodontal disease on birth weights of offspring. 14,33 Ide and Papapanou 6 considered this association modest but significant, because in each study there is a high degree of variability in the evaluation of the populations as well as differences in the way the data are recorded and treated.…”

Periodontitis as a risk factor for preterm labour and low birth weight among pregnant women attending a tertiary care teaching hospital

“…Mannem and Chava concluded that both prior abortions and prior preterm labour were not significantly associated with the incidence of periodontitis. 8 In the present study, 15% and 38% of women in the case and control groups had previous term birth. Gandhimadhi in the case group and all patients in the control group had previous term birth.…”

Maternal periodontitis induces intergenerational injuries on reproductive performance of adult female rat offspring

“…Substantial evidence suggests a direct link between periodontal disease in pregnant women and adverse pregnancy outcomes (PITIPHAT et al, 2008;MICHALOWICZ et al, 2011;PISCOYA et al, 2012;KUNNEN et al, 2014). Periodontal disease affects more than 40% of pregnant women (LIEFF et al, 2004) and has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm delivery (OFFENBACHER et al, 1996;MANNEM;CHAVA, 2011;BOBETSIS et al, 2006;TUCKER, 2006), smaller fetuses (COLLINS et al, 1994;KOTHIWALE et al, 2014), pre-ecclampsia (PATTANASHETTI et al, 2013MISRATH BANU;RAMAMURTHY, 2014), fetal loss (XIAO et al, 2013), and late miscarriage (MOORE et al, 2005) in the parental generation. However, all of these reproductive impairments have only been studied in the parental generation and not in subsequent generations.…”