The Relationship Between Maximal Exercise‐Induced Increases in Serum IL‐6, MPO and MMP‐9 Concentrations

Abstract

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that exercise would induce inflammatory response characterized by increased pro‐inflammatory cytokines – interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), adhesion molecule, matrix metalloprotease‐9 (MMP‐9) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels. Additional aim was to elucidate the possible source of maximal exercise‐induced increase in MMP‐9 concentration. To examine our hypothesis, 26 professional male ice hockey players [age 25 ± 1 (mean ± SEM) years; BMI 25.8 ± 0.4 kg/m2] performed an incremental bicycle test until exhaustion, when maximal oxygen consumption was recorded. Venous blood samples were collected 30 min before and 2 min after exercise. There was an increase in the count of leucocytes (8.7 ± 1.8 versus 5.7 ± 1.3 × 109 cells per l) and IL‐6 (1.24 ± 0.17 versus 0.69 ± 0.13 pg/ml), MPO (72 ± 7 versus 50 ± 4 ng/ml) and MPP‐9 (139 ± 9 versus 110 ± 6 ng/ml) concentrations (P < 0.05) comparing post‐ and pre‐exercise levels. Maximal exercise‐induced increase in MPO correlated with the increases in IL‐6 (P < 0.05, R = 0.54) and MMP‐9 (P < 0.01, R = 0.62) concentrations. Furthermore, increase in IL‐6 correlated with the increase in MMP‐9 concentrations (P < 0.05, R = 0.60). Maximal exercise induces an inflammatory response characterized by leucocytosis and increased IL‐6, MPO and MMP‐9 concentrations. Correlations between increased MPO (marker of neutrophils degranulation) and both increased IL‐6 and MMP‐9 concentrations may suggest that neutrophils could be the main source of these inflammatory biomarkers during maximal exercise. Furthermore, correlation between increases in serum IL‐6 and MMP‐9 concentrations may suggest that IL‐6 could exert modulatory effects on MMP‐9 release during maximal exercise.

Increased globulin and its association with hemorrhagic transformation in patients receiving intra-arterial thrombolysis therapy

“…Simultaneously, some inflammatory cytokines, most importantly IL-1, IL-6, and TNFα, can strongly up-regulate matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) [19][20][21][22] , an independent biochemical predictor of HT in all stroke subtypes [23] . A previous study indicated that MMP-9 is involved in tPAassociated hemorrhage, and combination therapy of tPA with MMP inhibitors may help decrease the risk and severity of HT (Fig.…”

How to: Measuring blood cytokines in biological psychiatry using commercially available multiplex immunoassays

“…It is known that many blood mediators present substantial individual variations among healthy subjects (Katsuura et al, 2011), and that acute psychological stress as well as acute exercise also produce robust effects on some circulating inflammatory factors in healthy people (Hallberg et al, 2010;Katsuura et al, 2010;Reihmane et al, 2012;Steptoe et al, 2007). In addition, most of the studies in this field have not considered the possibility that inflammatory factors measured in peripheral blood might exhibit a high degree of variability independent of any neuropsychiatric disorder.…”

The effects of low-intensity KAATSU resistance exercise on intracellular neutrophil PTX3 and MPO

“…PTX3 and CRP have been shown to be independent high-sensitive markers for inflammation under the various pathophysiological conditions (Presta et al, 2007;Mantovani et al, 2008), and the increase of inflammatory markers such as CRP and PTX3 have been reported in acute heavy exercises (Castell et al, 1997;Nakajima et al, 2010a). High-intensity exercises also increase serum MPO concentration which depends on the exercise intensity (Peake et al, 2004;Reihmane et al, 2012). Figure 6.…”

“…However, heavy exercise induces excessive oxidant stress, resulting in tissue injury. The increase of myeloperoxidase (MPO), an oxidant stress marker belonging to the heme peroxidase superfamily, has been also reported as a result of acute heavy exercise in healthy subjects (Suzuki et al, 1996;Nakajima et al, 2010a;Reihmane et al, 2012). MPO is found in myeloid cells, particularly in neutrophils (Ikitimur and Karadag, 2000;Tavora et al, 2009;Nakajima et al, 2010a), and plays an important role in the host defense against bacteria and viruses.…”