The Relationship Between Media Multitasking and Attention Problems in Adolescents: Results of Two Longitudinal Studies

Baumgartner, Susanne E.; Schuur, Winneke A. van der; Lemmens, Jeroen S.; Poel, Fam te

doi:10.1111/hcre.12111

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Recently, Hamaker, Kuiper, and Grasman (2015) suggested a modified random intercept CLPM that accounts for both within-and between-person effects, with the cross-lagged effects on the within-person level. We agree with Baumgartner et al (2017) that the RI-CLPM currently seems the best statistical model to empirically test the RSM, and their results seem to deliver on that promise in terms of model fit and interpretability. However, only few studies in communication research have used this model, so we have to wait whether this solves the statistical issues in identifying reinforcing spirals in communication research.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Stable Attitudes and Behaviors as Boundary Conditions of Reinforcing Spirals Models

Scharkow¹,

Bachl²

2018

Preprint

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The reinforcing spirals model (RSM) has quickly become a popular way of thinking about the reciprocal dynamics of media use and effects, not only in political communication. One key assumption of the model is that both exposure to media content and individual attitudes vary over time-if there is no variation, there cannot be any covariation. In this paper, we discuss the assumptions of the RSM regarding intra-individual variation and inter-individual differences in media use and political attitudes. We present empirical results on the temporal stability of different phenomena of interest in political communication, such as media use, campaign involvement, or candidate evaluations, drawing on panel data from two national election studies in the USA and Germany. Our results suggest that, after accounting for imperfect measurement, media use and most political orientations and attitudes are very stable over the course of a campaign, making it rather unlikely to detect patterns corresponding to the RSM. We discuss the usefulness of the RSM and similar dynamic media effects models in light of our results.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Stable Attitudes and Behaviors as Boundary Conditions of Reinforcing Spirals Models

Scharkow¹,

Bachl²

2018

Preprint

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“…On this reciprocity, several longitudinal studies have attempted to examine whether media multitasking behavior and everyday-related problems are reinforcing each other over a longer time period. The results of these studies showed that media multitasking did not appear to have a reciprocal relationship with the occurrence attentional problems (Baumgartner, van der Schuur, Lemmens, & Te Poel, 2017) 3 and 6 months later. Nevertheless, these studies showed that the associations between media multitasking and attentional problems were stable over time.…”

Section: Notes On Causalitymentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Lastly, one article was excluded since the relevant effect sizes could not be extracted from the published article (Shih, 2013) 2 . In all, a total of 13 articles containing 15 independent studies 3 were included for synthesis (Baumgartner, van der Schuur et al, 2017Cain et al, 2016;Cardoso-Leite et al, 2015;Duff, Yoon, Wang, & Anghelcev, 2014;Hadlington & Murphy, 2018;Magen, 2017;Minear et al, 2013;Ralph et al, 2013;Sanbonmatsu et al, 2013;Schutten et al, 2017;Uncapher et al, 2016;Yang & Zhu, 2016). Table 1 shows the measures of self-reported functioning included in each study and the number of participants assessed.…”

Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While part of these findings was discouraging, suggesting that media multitasking behavior might have potential ramifications on other aspects of everyday functioning beyond cognition, the other part, namely the positive correlations with social success and creativity suggests that media multitasking behavior might be beneficial as well. It could be interesting for future studies to further examine the adaptive values of everyday media multitasking behavior, especially given that several longitudinal studies have indicated that media multitasking behavior is stable over time (Baumgartner, van der Schuur et al, 2017;van der Schuur et al, 2018).…”

Section: Limitation and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Everyday functioning-related cognitive correlates of media multitasking: a mini meta-analysis

Wiradhany

Koerts

2019

Media Psychology

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A recent meta-analysis has shown that media multitasking behavior, or consuming multiple streams of media simultaneously, might not be associated with less efficient cognitive processing, as measured with objective tests. Nevertheless, a growing number of studies have reported that media multitasking is correlated with cognitive functioning in everyday situations, as measured in self-reports. Here, in a series of mini metaanalyses, we show that the self-reported correlates of media multitasking can be categorized in at least four major themes. Heavy media multitasking was associated with increasing problems with attention regulation (e.g., increased mind-wandering and distractibility), behavior regulation (e.g., emotion regulation and self-monitor), inhibition/impulsiveness (e.g., higher level of impulsiveness and lower level of inhibition), and memory. However, the pooled effect sizes were small (z =.16 to z = .22), indicating that a large proportion of variance of media multitasking behavior is still unaccounted for. Additionally, we witnessed a high level of heterogeneity in the attention regulation theme, which might indicate the presence of the risk of study bias. In recent years, the number of studies investigating the correlates of habitual media multitasking behavior, i.e., consuming multiple streams of media-related information simultaneously, have increased. These studies investigate correlates of media multitaskers using both performance-based and self-reported measures, and have presented an interesting contradiction. On the one hand, the group of studies using performance-based measures, that is, highly controlled psychophysics experiments with clear instructions (e.g., to perform as quickly and as accurately as possible) and clear beginning and end, has shown mixed results. Specifically, some studies showed that Heavy Media Multitaskers (HMMs), compared to Light Media Multitaskers (LMMs) displayed worse performance in different objective, performance-based measures of cognition (Cain, Leonard,

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“…In light of this development, researchers have begun to examine how the frequency of media multitasking relates to various indices of personality, mental health, and cognition (for reviews, see Carrier, Rosen, Cheever, & Lim, 2015;Courage, Bakhtiar, Fitzpatrick, Kenny, & Brandeau, 2015;Uncapher et al, 2017;Van Der Schuur, Baumgartner, Sumter, & Valkenburg, 2015). On the one hand, several studies showed evidence for a weak association of media multitasking with selfreport measures of impulsivity and sensation-seeking (e.g., Minear, Brasher, McCurdy, Lewis, & Younggren, 2013;Sanbonmatsu, Strayer, Medeiros-Ward, & Watson, 2013) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-related symptoms (Baumgartner, van der Schuur, Lemmens, & te Poel, 2017a;Magen, 2017;Uncapher, Thieu, & Wagner, 2016). On the other hand, however, studies exploring the correlates of media multitasking in laboratory measures of selective attention, working memory, and executive control have thus far produced less compelling results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Media multitasking, mind-wandering, and distractibility: A large-scale study

Wiradhany

Vugt

Nieuwenstein

2019

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Previous studies suggest that frequent media multitaskingthe simultaneous use of different media at the same timemay be associated with increased susceptibility to internal and external sources of distraction. At the same time, other studies found no evidence for such associations. In the current study, we report the results of a large-scale study (N=261) in which we measured media multitasking with a short media-use questionnaire and measured distraction with a change-detection task that included different numbers of distractors. To determine whether internally generated distraction affected performance, we deployed experience-sampling probes during the change-detection task. The results showed that participants with higher media multitasking scores did not perform worse as distractor set size increased, they did not perform worse in general, and their responses on the experience-sampling probes made clear that they also did not experience more lapses of attention during the task. Critically, these results were robust across different methods of analysis (i.e., Linear Mixed Modeling, Bayes factors, and extreme-groups comparison). At the same time, our use of the short version of the media-use questionnaire might limit the generalizability of our findings. In light of our results, we suggest that future studies should ensure an adequate level of statistical power and implement a more precise measure for media multitasking.

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The Relationship Between Media Multitasking and Attention Problems in Adolescents: Results of Two Longitudinal Studies

Cited by 24 publications

References 51 publications

Stable Attitudes and Behaviors as Boundary Conditions of Reinforcing Spirals Models

Stable Attitudes and Behaviors as Boundary Conditions of Reinforcing Spirals Models

Everyday functioning-related cognitive correlates of media multitasking: a mini meta-analysis

Media multitasking, mind-wandering, and distractibility: A large-scale study

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