Background
Especially in competitive sports, athletes can conduct cognitive stress assessments such as threat or challenge before a competition. According to The Theory of Challenge and Threat States in Athletes (TCTSA), negative affect can arise after threat assessments, leading to a reduction in athletes' performance. The aim of this study is to investigate whether mindfulness plays a moderating role in the negative affect of athletes who perceive themselves under threat assessment before a competition.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted with elite football players participating in the Turkish football leagues (N = 299, M age = 21.50, SD = 2.86). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed for the analysis of the data. Within the scope of the study, Threat and Appraisal Scale, Multidimensional Emotion Scale, and Mindfulness Scale were utilized. To obtain the most reliable and robust data, especially for threat assessment, athletes were instructed to complete the surveys one day prior to their competitions.
Results
The results revealed that there is a negative relationship between mindfulness, threat assessment and negative emotions. A positive correlation was also found between threat appraisal and negative emotions (Anxiety, Dejection, Anger). In addition, it was determined that mindfulness had a moderator role in the relationship between threat appraisal and negative emotions.
Conclusions
In professional leagues characterized by intense pressure and competition, the study has demonstrated that specifically elite athletes and generally athletes engaged in combat sports can regulate their emotional states through mindfulness. Furthermore, it has shown that they can even induce positive emotions to aid in achieving optimal performance.