The relationship between obesity and depression in children and adolescents

Sherman, Marni

doi:10.1111/obr.12438

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Excess adiposity during childhood is likely to persist into adulthood and further increases the predisposition to cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and early mortality (4, 5). Childhood obesity also increases risk of other diseases during childhood, such as hypertension and depression (6–8). In addition, some obese children have exhibited early signs of cardiovascular dysfunction (9).…”

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confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Exposure in Early Life Increases Risk of Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2017

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A number of studies have previously assessed the impact of antibiotic exposure in early life on the risk of childhood obesity, but no systematic assessment is currently available. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to comprehensively and quantitatively elucidate the risk of childhood obesity caused by antibiotic exposure in early life. Literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Random-effect meta-analysis was used to pool the statistical estimates. Fifteen cohort studies involving 445,880 participants were finally included, and all those studies were performed in developed countries. Antibiotic exposure in early life significantly increased risk of childhood overweight [relative risk (RR) = 1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–1.35, P < 0.001] and childhood obesity (RR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.13–1.30, P < 0.001). Antibiotic exposure in early life also significantly increased the z-score of childhood body mass index (mean difference: 0.07, 95% CI 0.05–0.09, P < 0.00001). Importantly, there was an obvious dose–response relationship between antibiotic exposure in early life and childhood adiposity, with a 7% increment in the risk of overweight (RR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.15, P = 0.03) and a 6% increment in the risk of obesity (RR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.02–1.09, P < 0.001) for each additional course of antibiotic exposure. In conclusion, antibiotic exposure in early life significantly increases risk of childhood obesity. Moreover, current analyses are mainly taken from developed countries, and therefore the impact of antibiotic exposure on risk of childhood obesity in vulnerable populations or developing countries still needs to be evaluated in future studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Exposure in Early Life Increases Risk of Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2017

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“…Excess adiposity during childhood is likely to persist into adulthood and further increases the predisposition to cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and early mortality (4,5). Childhood obesity also increases risk of other diseases during childhood, such as hypertension and depression (6)(7)(8). In addition, some obese children have exhibited early signs of cardiovascular dysfunction (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Exposure in Early Life Increases Risk of Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Shao¹,

Ding²,

B³

et al. 2018

ESPE

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A number of studies have previously assessed the impact of antibiotic exposure in early life on the risk of childhood obesity, but no systematic assessment is currently available. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to comprehensively and quantitatively elucidate the risk of childhood obesity caused by antibiotic exposure in early life. Literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Random-effect meta-analysis was used to pool the statistical estimates. Fifteen cohort studies involving 445,880 participants were finally included, and all those studies were performed in developed countries. Antibiotic exposure in early life significantly increased risk of childhood overweight [relative risk (RR) = 1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13-1.35, P < 0.001] and childhood obesity (RR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.13-1.30, P < 0.001). Antibiotic exposure in early life also significantly increased the z-score of childhood body mass index (mean difference: 0.07, 95% CI 0.05-0.09, P < 0.00001). Importantly, there was an obvious dose-response relationship between antibiotic exposure in early life and childhood adiposity, with a 7% increment in the risk of overweight (RR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.15, P = 0.03) and a 6% increment in the risk of obesity (RR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.09, P < 0.001) for each additional course of antibiotic exposure. In conclusion, antibiotic exposure in early life significantly increases risk of childhood obesity. Moreover, current analyses are mainly taken from developed countries, and therefore the impact of antibiotic exposure on risk of childhood obesity in vulnerable populations or developing countries still needs to be evaluated in future studies.

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“…We do not agree with the critique of not sufficiently reporting our inclusion and exclusion criteria, which we described in detail in our Methods section allowing full replication of our search. Similarly, we did not assume a linear relationship of obesity and depression as presumed by the author (1). Quite the contrary, in our discussion, we addressed a range of potential confounding variables with a focus on developmental issues.…”

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confidence: 96%

“…Dear Editor, We appreciate the thorough evaluation of our systematic review and the valuable comments and supplementing on our work (1). In detail, we answer to the critique as follows.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Reply to M. Sherman. The relationship between obesity and depression in children and adolescents.

2016

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Reply to M. Sherman. The relationship between obesity and depression in children and adolescents.Dear Editor, We appreciate the thorough evaluation of our systematic review and the valuable comments and supplementing on our work (1). In detail, we answer to the critique as follows.Principally, we agree with the author (1) that a systematic review fulfilling all items of the PRISMA statement (2) is desirable, although not always feasible in practice. Although our review was guided by the PRISMA statement, we did not claim to meet every single item of the PRISMA guidelines. The authors themselves emphasize that the PRISMA statement does not represent an appropriate instrument for the judgement of the quality of systematic reviews (2). We admit that one limitation of our review was the use of a single data source only. With MEDLINE, we decided to focus on the most common data source for medical publications. In addition, the data selection process was solely performed by the first author and checked for plausibility by the last author. However, the quality of the included studies was clearly defined by the inclusion criteria; we had acknowledged the fact that the use of different criteria would lead to deviating results. We also discussed this aspect in the Strength and limitations section. As we outlined in our article, only few systematic reviews on the relationship of obesity and depression in childhood and adolescence had been published previously, and ours is the first one setting methodological prerequisites for the inclusion of studies at all. Consequently and regardless of several methodological limitations, we provided a substantial advancement in this research field.We do not agree with the critique of not sufficiently reporting our inclusion and exclusion criteria, which we described in detail in our Methods section allowing full replication of our search. Similarly, we did not assume a linear relationship of obesity and depression as presumed by the author (1). Quite the contrary, in our discussion, we addressed a range of potential confounding variables with a focus on developmental issues.Overall, we completely agree with the author (1) that more studies and systematic reviews of high methodological quality investigating the relationship of obesity and depression as well as other psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence are urgently needed in order to optimize prevention and treatment strategies. Systematic reviews always dependto a certain degreeon the methodological approach, and different research strategies on the same topic will complement each other. Thus, we look forward to the ongoing publication of research on this topic and encourage the author to publish the results of her literature search (1). References1. Sherman M. The relationship between obesity and depression in children and adolescentsLetter to the Editor. Obes Rev in press. 2. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. ...

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The relationship between obesity and depression in children and adolescents

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Antibiotic Exposure in Early Life Increases Risk of Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Antibiotic Exposure in Early Life Increases Risk of Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Antibiotic Exposure in Early Life Increases Risk of Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Reply to M. Sherman. The relationship between obesity and depression in children and adolescents.

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