The Relationship Between Pain and Comorbid Health Conditions in People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

An exploration of pain experiences and their meaning in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

“…Typical symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) include dyspnoea, fatigue, 2 anxiety and depression, all of which reduce health-related quality of life (HRQOL) ( Global 3 Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease, 2015). The clinical profile of individuals with COPD is 4 further complicated by a growing number of studies describing self-reported pain symptoms, with prevalence rates ranging from 37 to 96% (Bentsen, Rustoen, and Miaskowski, 2011;Borge, 6 Wahl, and Moun, 2011;HajGhanbari, Holsti, Road, and Reid, 2012;HajGhanbari et al, 2014;Lee, Harrison, Goldstein, and Brooks, 2015;Lohne et al, 2010;).…”

Reliability and validity of the Brief Pain Inventory in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

“…Pain is common in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (van Dam van Isselt et al, 2014;Lee et al, 2015) with a reported prevalence that ranges from 38% to 82% (Elkington et al, 2005;Lohne et al, 2010;Bentsen et al, 2011;Borge et al, 2011;Roberts et al, 2013;Eckerblad et al, 2014;HajGhanbari et al, 2014;Christensen et al, 2016;Janssen et al, 2016). Some of this variability in the prevalence of pain may be due to the heterogeneity of participants, varied clinical settings and the different measurement tools used among studies.…”

“…Numerous tools have been implemented to explore experiences of pain, from unidimensional tools (e.g. visual analogue scales (VAS) (Janssen et al, 2011), numeric rating scales (Bentsen et al, 2012(Bentsen et al, , 2013 and the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale) (Blinderman et al, 2009;Eckerblad et al, 2014) to multiple dimensional pain questionnaires, including the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) (Lohne et al, 2010;Bentsen et al, 2011;Borge et al, 2011;HajGhanbari et al, 2012HajGhanbari et al, , 2013HajGhanbari et al, , 2014Christensen et al, 2016;Lee et al, 2017) and McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) (HajGhanbari et al, 2012(HajGhanbari et al, , 2014. Therefore, variability in participants' characteristics and measurement tools may have contributed to the varied prevalence of pain among studies that investigated this symptom in individuals with COPD.…”

“…However, to our knowledge, a pain assessment tool has not been specifically designed for individuals with COPD. The BPI, initially developed for assessing cancer-related pain (Cleeland and Ryan, 1994), has been used to assess pain extensively in different medical conditions (Ger et al, 1999;Tan et al, 2004;Song et al, 2016;Majedi et al, 2017), including COPD (Lohne et al, 2010;Bentsen et al, 2011;Borge et al, 2011;HajGhanbari et al, 2012HajGhanbari et al, , 2013HajGhanbari et al, , 2014Christensen et al, 2016;Lee et al, 2017). Moreover, the BPI had been recommended as a feasible measure to evaluate pain in individuals with COPD and a summary of its measurement properties to date had been reported (Lee et al, 2015).…”

“…The BPI can provide information about pain prevalence, pain location, magnitude and how pain interferes with aspects of daily living among individuals with COPD in clinical and research settings. Although commonly used in studies that assess pain in COPD (Lohne et al, 2010;Bentsen et al, 2011;Borge et al, 2011;HajGhanbari et al, 2012HajGhanbari et al, , 2013HajGhanbari et al, , 2014Christensen et al, 2016;Lee et al, 2017), its psychometric properties have not been explored (Lee et al, 2015). Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the BPI in individuals with COPD.…”