“…depression, anxiety, stress, pain-related fear, and some cognitive factors such as expectations, levels of attention, and pain catastrophizing) and nociceptive processing, pain experience, and/or motor activity, and with neural activity in sensorimotor, motivational-affective, and pain-modulatory CNS regions (e.g. ( Bushnell et al, 1985 , Leeuw et al, 2007 , Alschuler et al, 2008 , Campbell and Edwards, 2009 , Quartana et al, 2009 , Henchoz et al, 2013 , Jennings et al, 2014 , Luijcks et al, 2016 , Pakzad et al, 2016 , Pinheiro et al, 2016 , Harvie et al, 2017 , Malfliet et al, 2017 , Niles et al, 2018 , Meulders, 2020 , Sarabzadeh et al, 2020 , Matheve et al, 2022 )). As pointed out above for animal studies, other psychosocial factors such as environmental factors also show associations with nociceptive processing or pain-related sensorimotor behaviors, and they are also discussed in section 3.4.2 .…”