The relationship between pancreatic cancer and type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase I

Abstract

Pancreatic cancer incidence was double (incidence rate ratio 2.06) in community‐based adults with (n = 1291) versus without (n = 5158) type 2 diabetes followed for up to 25 years in the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase 1. Sustained higher fasting plasma glucose reflecting insulin resistance and fewer comorbidities were statistically significant risk factors in the cohort with diabetes. Past pancreatitis was an aetiologically significant determinant in the cohort as a whole.

Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Different Types of Cancers: A Systematic Review

“…A total of 15 studies were included in this review, with 1,080,106 diabetic patients who developed different types of cancers. Seven studies were conducted in the USA [13][14][15][16][17][18][19], two in China [20,21], one in Canada [22], one in the Australia [23], one in Lithuania [24], one in Poland [25] one in Finland [26] and one in the UK [27]. Regarding the studies' designs; Eight studies were retrospective in nature [13,16,19,20,22,[24][25][26], four were prospective [14,17,23,27], and two were case-control studies [15,21].…”

“…Seven studies were conducted in the USA [13][14][15][16][17][18][19], two in China [20,21], one in Canada [22], one in the Australia [23], one in Lithuania [24], one in Poland [25] one in Finland [26] and one in the UK [27]. Regarding the studies' designs; Eight studies were retrospective in nature [13,16,19,20,22,[24][25][26], four were prospective [14,17,23,27], and two were case-control studies [15,21]. Seven studies included patients with T2DM [16][17][18][19][23][24][25], two studies included patients with T1DM [26,27], and six studies included patients with both type1 and type2 DM [13][14][15][20][21][22].…”

“…Regarding the studies' designs; Eight studies were retrospective in nature [13,16,19,20,22,[24][25][26], four were prospective [14,17,23,27], and two were case-control studies [15,21]. Seven studies included patients with T2DM [16][17][18][19][23][24][25], two studies included patients with T1DM [26,27], and six studies included patients with both type1 and type2 DM [13][14][15][20][21][22]. Lung cancer was reported in two studies [13,19], prostate cancer [16,22], thyroid cancer [21,26], colorectal cancer [18,25], different cancer types [14,27], biliary tract cancer (BTC) [20], breast cancer [15], pancreatic cancer [23], endometrial cancer [24], and bladder cancer [17].…”

“…Seven studies included patients with T2DM [16][17][18][19][23][24][25], two studies included patients with T1DM [26,27], and six studies included patients with both type1 and type2 DM [13][14][15][20][21][22]. Lung cancer was reported in two studies [13,19], prostate cancer [16,22], thyroid cancer [21,26], colorectal cancer [18,25], different cancer types [14,27], biliary tract cancer (BTC) [20], breast cancer [15], pancreatic cancer [23], endometrial cancer [24], and bladder cancer [17]. Most of our included studies reported that DM increases the risk of cancer development; however, two studies reported that DM was associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer [14,22].…”