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This review explores the influences of family and school members on children in China, in order to promote healthy eating behaviours among children and prevent childhood malnutrition in the Global South. Family members and school members are defined as parents, guardians (such as grandparents and other relatives), siblings, peers, and teachers. A search of four databases returned 94 articles, 18 of which met the eligibility criteria. Most of the included studies were from mainland China; a few were from Hong Kong and Taiwan. More quantitative than qualitative studies were found, among which, cross-sectional studies were dominant. The 18 papers included in the study explored the influences of family members and school members on the eating behaviours of children, based on seven themes: (1) social–demographic characteristics, (2) food intake of parents, (3) nutritional knowledge and health awareness of family or school members, (4) parents’ perceptions of their children’s body weight, (5) feeding strategies of family members, (6) family relationships, and (7) intergenerational differences of caregivers. In the current analysis, parental education levels, mother’s occupation, health awareness of parents and teachers, and positive feeding styles, such as encouraging healthy eating and controlling overeating, were positively correlated with the healthy eating behaviours of children. Meanwhile, healthy eating behaviours of children were negatively associated with caregivers’ lack of nutritional knowledge, misperception of weight, instrumental and/or emotional feeding, and working on nonstandard shifts. More related research using cross-disciplinary approaches is needed and there should be more discussions about how teachers, siblings, and peers affect the dietary behaviours of children.
This review explores the influences of family and school members on children in China, in order to promote healthy eating behaviours among children and prevent childhood malnutrition in the Global South. Family members and school members are defined as parents, guardians (such as grandparents and other relatives), siblings, peers, and teachers. A search of four databases returned 94 articles, 18 of which met the eligibility criteria. Most of the included studies were from mainland China; a few were from Hong Kong and Taiwan. More quantitative than qualitative studies were found, among which, cross-sectional studies were dominant. The 18 papers included in the study explored the influences of family members and school members on the eating behaviours of children, based on seven themes: (1) social–demographic characteristics, (2) food intake of parents, (3) nutritional knowledge and health awareness of family or school members, (4) parents’ perceptions of their children’s body weight, (5) feeding strategies of family members, (6) family relationships, and (7) intergenerational differences of caregivers. In the current analysis, parental education levels, mother’s occupation, health awareness of parents and teachers, and positive feeding styles, such as encouraging healthy eating and controlling overeating, were positively correlated with the healthy eating behaviours of children. Meanwhile, healthy eating behaviours of children were negatively associated with caregivers’ lack of nutritional knowledge, misperception of weight, instrumental and/or emotional feeding, and working on nonstandard shifts. More related research using cross-disciplinary approaches is needed and there should be more discussions about how teachers, siblings, and peers affect the dietary behaviours of children.
The COVID-19 pandemic affects various aspects of human life including physical and mental health. The current scenario shows that it has a significant impact on human well-being, therefore an empirical study is essential to comprehend the scenario and further prevent the multiplying impacts that would arise pertaining to the well-being of the people.This study explores how people maintain positive attitudes by performing religious practices throughout theCOVID-19 Movement Control Order (MCO). It also identifies religious practices before and amid the pandemic, and whether income influences the motivation to perform religious activity during MCO. The cross-sectional study was conducted via Google Forms during the Movement Control Order (MCO) in March 2020 which involves 195 respondents from various states in Malaysia. The study was conducted using an instrument specifically developed in focussing on human practices in daily life. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SPSS 23.0).The findings demonstrated that religious practices had a significant mean score between before and during the pandemic [df=195, t=-13.92, p<0.05]. The findings also showed that religious practices had increased significantly amid the COVID-19 MCO [6.19±0.97] as compared to before the COVID-19 MCO [5.48±1.04]. It also reveals that people who have a higher income could do better religious practices in daily life as compared to those who possesseda lower income. The COVID-19 pandemic MCO inspires the Malaysian Muslims to heap on their religious practices even more in daily life, and this motivates them to have a good well-being even though they face with a hard situation.
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