The Relationship between Parenting Style and Self-Esteem in Adolescents

Abstract

This article reviewed the effect of four parenting styles (i.e., authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and rejecting/neglectful parenting) on self-esteem and psychological outcomes in adolescents, such as well-being, life satisfaction, and school performance. It was found that parenting styles directly impact psychological outcomes. More specifically, a positive parenting style increases the life satisfaction and well-being of young adults. The results of this review also indicate the negative side of inappropriate parenting style, which increases adolescents' aggression. Aggression is a serious problem for adolescents, which normally leads them to be involved in criminal activities. Aggression might also cause mental health problems. Parents who are irresponsible are likely to increase the tendency of aggression in adolescents. Non-aggressive adolescents showed higher self-esteem than aggressive adolescents. Furthermore, the article also reviewed the relationship among self-esteem, parenting styles, and learning. Self-esteem serves as a mediator between parenting style and learning. The level of self-esteem increased by a positive parenting style can indirectly impact school performance, such as academic procrastination and self-regulated learning. A high level of self-esteem can decrease academic problems, and it also can facilitate the development of self-confidence, which is positively correlated with academic performance. However, previous studies did not investigate differences of this relationship in boys and girls. Future research should focus more on gender differences. This review can provide some guidance for the family education programs at school and relevant intervention studies.

Patterns of indulgent parenting and adolescents' psychological development

“…Similar findings were also reported between permissive/indulgent parenting and adolescents' self‐efficacy (e.g., Aldhafri, 2011; Keshavarz & Mounts, 2017). The results, however, were rather inconsistent with some studies suggesting no effects (e.g., self‐control, Jabagchourian et al, 2014; self‐efficacy, Tam et al, 2012) or positive effects of indulgent parenting on cognitive abilities (e.g., competence, Garcia et al, 2021; self‐efficacy, Yousaf, 2015). Taken together, the majority of the studies suggested a negative association between indulgent parenting and basic psychological needs satisfaction, self‐control, and self‐efficacy among adolescents, but the findings are not always consistent.…”

How Parenting Styles Influence Adults’ Social Anxiety

“…Parenting Styles are very stable and do not change much with the environment. Parenting refers to the aspects of raising a child aside from the biological relationship [2]. Parenting Styles can predict children's academic achievement, social development, mental health and behavioral problems, as well as numerous aspects of individual adjustment and development such as personality, self-esteem, self-efficacy, psychological symptoms, behavioral problems, and so on in adults' children.…”

Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem among Adolescents: Role of Parenting Style

“…19 Permissive and authoritative type of parenting styles found to be related with the self-efficacy on the other hand parenting type with authoritative nature exhibited negative correlation with self-efficacy of adolescents. 20 A study was conducted to explore the role of gender in the association of different parenting style, hardiness, and self-efficacy of children. Paternal authoritative parenting is highly connected to hardiness and better self-efficacy in teenagers and adolescents.…”