The relationship between Plasma Markers and Essential Hypertension in Middle-aged and Elderly Chinese Population: A Community Based Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Plasma markers have been continuously advocated as pointers to estimate the long-term risk of cardiovascular disease in the general population. We examined the relationship between plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), homocysteine (Hcy), high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT), N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and serum uric acid (SUA) levels and hypertension in middle and old aged population. A total of 2624 Chinese (62.02 ± 5.73 years old) were recruited into a population-based, cross-sectional study. Plasma hs-CRP, Hcy, HbA1c, and SUA levels were significantly higher in the hypertension group compared with control in the entire population and men (P = 0.05 for all). We observed a positive association between the highest quartiles of Hcy, NT-proBNP, HBA1c concentrations, and the prevalence of hypertension, OR (95% CI) = 1.48 (1.16–1.90), 1.62 (1.27–2.07) and 1.94 (1.49–2.52), respectively. The multivariable-adjusted OR of hypertension for the fourth versus the first quartile of homocysteine were 2.00 and 1.39 in men and women, respectively. In conclusion, our study found an independent and robust association between elevated Hcy, NT-ProBNP, and HBA1c levels and prevalence of hypertension in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese population. A follow-up study is necessary to endorse the observed association.

Serum Vitamin D Levels in Relation to Hypertension and Pre-hypertension in Adults: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis of Epidemiologic Studies

“…These investigations were published between 2005 and 2020. A total of 59 of the investigations had a cross-sectional design ( 13 – 19 , 26 – 38 , 41 – 43 , 45 , 47 – 50 , 52 – 56 , 60 – 75 , 77 – 86 ), one investigation was a nested case–control ( 12 ), and 10 others were cohorts ( 39 , 40 , 44 , 46 , 51 , 57 – 59 , 76 , 87 ). One of these cohorts ( 46 ) had reported the association in both baseline and follow-up; so, it was included in the analysis of both cross-sectional and cohort studies.…”

Elevated glycosylated hemoglobin levels and their interactive effects on hypertension risk in nondiabetic Chinese population: a cross-sectional survey

“…However, when grouping HbA1c by quintiles, the above significant association was eliminated after normalizing for BMI. Moreover, elevated HbA1c levels dramatically aggravated the risk of hypertension in an independent manner even after normalizing traditional risk factors in general middle-aged and elderly Chinese subjects [38]. Besides that, the Framingham Heart Study demonstrated that high HbA1c expression was associated with the prevalence of hypertension, but it was only based on a univariate analysis [39].…”

Elevated glycosylated hemoglobin levels and their interactive effects on hypertension risk in nondiabetic Chinese population: a cross-sectional survey

“…However, when grouping HbA1c by quintiles, the above significant association was eliminated after normalizing for BMI. Moreover, elevated HbA1c levels dramatically aggravated the risk of hypertension in an independent manner even after normalizing traditional risk factors in general middle-aged and elderly Chinese subjects [39]. Besides that, the Framingham Heart Study demonstrated that high HbA1c expression was associated with the prevalence of hypertension, but it was only based on a univariate analysis [40].…”