The Relationship Between Polymorphism 1357 G → a of the CNTF Gene and Gly482ser of the Ppargc1a Gene With Muscle Strength

Abstract

Muscle strength is the process of energy synthesis during certain tasks in muscle fibers. In modern sports and sports medicine, exploring methods to enhance muscle strength through targeted exercises and training programs is a key area of focus. While many athletes can achieve the physical conditioning necessary for competitive performance, the role of genetics in sports has gained attention as it offers insights for optimizing training strategies and enhancing performance based on individual genetic profiles. Among the well-researched genes in muscle strength studies are the ciliary neurotrophic factor gene (CNTF) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha gene (PPARGC1A). This study investigates the relationship between polymorphisms in these genes and the function of motor units in muscle fibers. The aim of the study is to analyze and explain the mechanisms by which polymorphisms in the CNTF and PPARGC1A genes influence muscle strength. Materials and Methods. Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature review was conducted using relevant keywords across leading scientometric databases. Results and Discussion. This article explores the relationship between genetic variants of the CNTF and PPARGC1A genes and muscle strength in adults. Specifically, it examines the impact of the CNTF 1357 G→A and PPARGC1A Gly482Ser polymorphisms on muscle strength gains in response to strength training. The study results indicate that these genetic variations significantly affect individual differences in response to exercise. Notable fluctuations in strength gains and changes in maximal voluntary contraction were observed. The data underscore the need for further research to deepen our understanding of how the CNTF and PPARGC1A genes influence muscle adaptation to training, as well as to assess their roles across different populations and training conditions. It has been found out that the AA genotype of the 1357 G→A variation leads to a functionally inactive neurotrophic factor protein, thereby significantly diminishing its myotrophic effect on skeletal muscles. Regarding the Gly482Ser polymorphism, homozygosity for the T allele is associated with reduced skeletal muscle metabolism and decreased oxidative activity. Conclusions. The results obtained can be applied for developing personalized training programs and improving practice of sports medicine and rehabilitation, thus facilitating the more effective achievement of individual fitness and health goals.