The relationship between pre‐pregnancy dietary patterns adherence and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in Iran: A case–control study

Abstract

Aim The present study aimed to investigate major dietary patterns and their association with risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Yazd city located in Iran. Methods This case–control designed study was conducted at six healthcare centres. Two hundred and seventy‐eight pregnant women who referred for GDM screening participated. Dietary assessment was carried out by using a 67‐item validated food frequency questionnaire to evaluate dietary history of participants during the last year. Principal component analysis was used to identify major food patterns. Multivariable logistic regression model was employed to identify the association between dietary patterns and risk of GDM. Results Two major dietary patterns were detected. The Western dietary pattern was associated with higher intakes of sugar‐sweetened beverages, refined grain products, fast foods, salty snacks, sweets and biscuit, mayonnaise and saturated oils, while the prudent dietary pattern was associated with higher intakes of fruits, low‐fat dairy, potato, egg, fish, poultry, nuts, organs meat and red meat. Furthermore, prudent dietary pattern was negatively associated with GDM risk (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.44–0.99). However, there was no significant association between adherence of the Western dietary pattern and risk of GDM. Conclusions Pre‐pregnancy adherence of the prudent dietary pattern was significantly associated with reduced risk of GDM.

Nutrients that modulate gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review of cohort studies Jan 2019‐Jan 2020

“…Asadi et al 16 studied the dietary habits of pregnant woman, with and without GDM, in a randomly selected population. Based on their systematic observations, they identified two patterns of dietary habits, which were documented as “prudent dietary pattern” and “Western dietary pattern.” The statistical analysis they performed documented that the probability of GDM occurrence under the prudent dietary pattern was lower.…”

“…Multiple studies 16,17,19 found a protective association against GDM of a Mediterranean or prudent diet prior to and during pregnancy in contrast to a Western diet. Asadi et al recorded the diet habits prior to pregnancy and Assaf-Balut et al during early pregnancy, both seeing lower rates of GDM in prudent and Mediterranean diets.…”

“…Asadi et al 16 studied the dietary habits of pregnant woman, with and without GDM, in a randomly selected population. Based on their systematic observations, they identified two patterns of dietary habits, which were documented as "prudent dietary pattern" and "Western dietary pattern."…”

Plant-based snacking: research and practical applications of pistachios for health benefits

“…This has been replicated by the ESTEEM multicentre randomised trial in the UK ( 86 ) . Similarly, Asadi et al showed in a case–control study at six healthcare centres in Iran that pre-pregnancy adherence to the prudent dietary pattern was significantly associated with reduced risk of GDM ( 87 ) . The prudent dietary pattern was associated with ‘high intakes of fruits, low-fat dairy, potato, egg, fish, poultry, nuts, organs meat and red meat’.…”

Dietary intake in health and disease, challenges in measuring and reporting diet‐disease relationships

“…Given that Western‐style diets are typically low in plant‐based foods, the study reported in this issue by Zamani et al investigated the link between a plant‐based diet and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Iranian women, finding a 53% reduced risk of developing GDM among those consuming a diet high in plant‐based foods. In contrast, Asadi et al study examined the association between pre‐pregnancy dietary patterns and the risk of GDM in Iranian women. This study found that a prudent dietary pattern characterised by a high consumption of fruits, low‐fat dairy, potato, egg, fish, poultry, nuts, organ meat and red meat, was associated with a reduced risk of GDM, but no significant relationship was found between Western‐style dietary patterns and GDM risk.…”