The Relationship between Psychopathy and Age in a Non-Clinical Community Convenience Sample

Gill, Duncan; Crino, Rocco

doi:10.1080/13218719.2011.615810

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The possibility that relatively preserved prosocial learning is related to increased prosocial motivation is in-line with our observed link between learning rates and psychopathic traits. Psychopathic traits were significantly reduced in our older adult sample, dovetailing with similar previous findings on this trait 47,48 and broader trait benevolence 33 . Importantly, we found psychopathic traits in older adults negatively correlated with prosocial learning rates.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Even within violent male offenders, psychopathic traits linked to an antisocial lifestyle are negatively correlated with age 41 . In community samples, ageing is associated with a decrease in both the antisocial lifestyle and affective interpersonal elements of psychopathic traits 42 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even within violent male offenders, psychopathic traits linked to an antisocial lifestyle are negatively correlated with age 47 . In community samples, ageing is associated with a decrease in both the antisocial-lifestyle (antisocial and impulsive behaviours) and affective-interpersonal (lack of empathy and guilt) elements of psychopathic traits 48 . These studies highlight the importance of assessing how differences in psychopathic traits could map on to differences in prosocial behaviours.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ageing disrupts reinforcement learning whilst learning to help others is preserved

Wittmann

Abdurahman

Hargitai

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Reinforcement learning is a fundamental mechanism displayed by many species from mice to humans. However, adaptive behaviour depends not only on learning associations between actions and outcomes that affect ourselves, but critically, also outcomes that affect other people. Existing studies suggest reinforcement learning ability declines across the lifespan and self-relevant learning can be computationally separated from learning about rewards for others, yet how older adults learn what rewards others is unknown. Here, using computational modelling of a probabilistic reinforcement learning task, we tested whether young (age 18-36) and older (age 60-80, total n=152) adults can learn to gain rewards for themselves, another person (prosocial), or neither individual (control). Detailed model comparison showed that a computational model with separate learning rates best explained how people learn associations for different recipients. Young adults were faster to learn when their actions benefitted themselves, compared to when they helped others. Strikingly however, older adults showed reduced self-bias, with a relative increase in the rate at which they learnt about actions that helped others, compared to themselves. Moreover, we find evidence that these group differences are associated with changes in psychopathic traits over the lifespan. In older adults, psychopathic traits were significantly reduced and negatively correlated with prosocial learning rates. Importantly, older people with the lowest levels of psychopathy had the highest prosocial learning rates. These findings suggest learning how our actions help others is preserved across the lifespan with implications for our understanding of reinforcement learning mechanisms and theoretical accounts of healthy ageing.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Ageing disrupts reinforcement learning whilst learning to help others is preserved

Wittmann

Abdurahman

Hargitai

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Notably, prior research revealed that only factor 1 items work equivalently well across race and gender (e.g., Bolt, Hare, Vitale, & Newman, 2004;Cooke, Kosson, & Michie, 2001); poor generalizability of factor 2 was reported for substance-dependent patients (McDermott et al, 2000). Further, antisocial traits were found to diminish over time (Blonigen, Hicks, Krueger, Patrick, & Iacono, 2006;Gill & Crino, 2012), suggesting that the generalizability of factor 2 may be also affected by the age of respondents. A recent empirical investigation by Debowska, Boduszek, Dhingra, and DeLisi (under review) into the validity and factor structure of the SRP-SF among forensic and non-forensic samples demonstrated factorial variance of the measure for those two different populations.…”

Section: Introduction and Validation Of Psychopathic Personality Traimentioning

confidence: 96%

Introduction and validation of Psychopathic Personality Traits Scale (PPTS) in a large prison sample

Boduszek

Debowska

Dhingra

et al. 2016

Journal of Criminal Justice

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to create and validate a brief self-report scale of psychopathic personality traits for research purposes which would grasp the essence of a psychopathic personality, regardless of respondents' age, gender, cultural background, and criminal history.Methods: The Psychopathic Personality Traits Scale (PPTS), The Measure of Criminal Social Identity, Self-Esteem Measure for Criminals, The Child Sexual Abuse Myth Scale, Attitudes Towards Male Sexual Dating Violence, and Lie Scale were administered to 1,794 prisoners systematically sampled from 10 maximum-and medium-security prisons. Dimensionality and construct validity of the PPTS was investigated using traditional CFA techniques, along with confirmatory bifactor analysis and multitrait-multimethod modelling (MTMM). Seven alternative models of the PPTS were specified and tested using Mplus with WLSMV estimation.Results: MTMM model of PPTS offered the best representation of the data. The results suggest that the PPTS consists of four subscales (affective responsiveness, cognitive responsiveness, interpersonal manipulation, and egocentricity) while controlling for two method factors (knowledge/skills and attitudes/beliefs). Good composite reliability and differential predictive validity was observed.Conclusion: This brief measure of psychopathic traits uncontaminated with behavioural items can be used in the same way among participants with and without criminal history.

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“…Furthermore, as age-related decline in both facets of 5 HIGH-STAKES LIE DETECTION, PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PSYCHOPATHY psychopathy has been reported (Gill & Crino, 2012), which could be linked to an age-related decline in competition for status and mates (Wilson & Daly, 1985), we limited our sample to participants who were between 18-30 years of age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

It takes one to know one: Relationship between lie detection and psychopathy

Lyons

Healy

Bruno

2013

Personality and Individual Differences

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It takes one to know one: Relationship between lie detection and psychopathy http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/3042/ Article LJMU has developed LJMU Research Online for users to access the research output of the University more effectively. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LJMU Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain.The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of the record. Please see the repository URL above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. LJMU Research Online HIGH-STAKES LIE DETECTION, PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PSYCHOPATHY AbstractWe investigated primary and secondary psychopathy and the ability to detect high-stakes, real-life emotional lies in an on-line experiment (N = 150). Using signal detection analysis, we found that lie detection ability was overall above chance level, there was a tendency towards responding liberally to the test stimuli, and women were more accurate than men Further, sex moderated the relationship between psychopathy and lie detection ability; in men, primary psychopathy had a significant positive correlation with the ability to detect lies, whereas in women there was a significant negative correlation with deception detection. The results are discussed with reference to evolutionary theory and sex differences in processing socio-emotional information. HIGH-STAKES LIE DETECTION, PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PSYCHOPATHY

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The Relationship between Psychopathy and Age in a Non-Clinical Community Convenience Sample

Cited by 13 publications

References 43 publications

Ageing disrupts reinforcement learning whilst learning to help others is preserved

Ageing disrupts reinforcement learning whilst learning to help others is preserved

Introduction and validation of Psychopathic Personality Traits Scale (PPTS) in a large prison sample

It takes one to know one: Relationship between lie detection and psychopathy

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