The Relationship Between Response-Inhibitory Event-Related Potentials and Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adult Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Abstract

Objective Attention-deficit and poor impulse control have frequently been observed in major depressive disorder (MDD) and attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Altered event-related potential (ERP) performance, such as GoNogo tasks, has been regarded as a neurocognitive process associated with attention and behavioral inhibition. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between Nogo ERP and adult ADHD in MDD.Methods A total of 64 participants with MDD (32 comorbid with ADHD) and 32 healthy controls aged 19–45 years were recruited; they performed GoNogo paradigms during electroencephalogram measurement. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) were evaluated. Clinical measures and GoNogo ERP were compared between three groups: depression with ADHD, depression without ADHD, and healthy controls.Results MDD subjects with ADHD showed significantly decreased Nogo P3 amplitude at frontal electrode, compared with those without ADHD and healthy controls. MDD subjects with ADHD showed significantly longer Nogo N2 latency at frontal and frontocentral electrodes, compared with those without ADHD and healthy controls. In MDD subjects with ADHD, the Nogo P3 amplitude at the frontal electrode was negatively correlated with the ASRS score and inattention. The Nogo N2 latency at the frontal electrode was positively correlated with false alarm rate.Conclusion The decreased Nogo P3 amplitude in the frontal area might be a potential biological marker for inattention in depressed patients with ADHD.

Toward an Increased Attention on ADHD Symptoms and Traits in Young Adults: Prevalence Data From Screening Tools in a Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic

“…Another factor that might have contributed to the lower prevalence of ADHD traits in our sample with respect to other clinical studies might be related to the comorbidities themselves, which were found to have an effect on ADHD prevalence findings: studies excluding patients with psychotic disorders found a significant lower prevalence estimate (Adamis et al, 2022) and it was shown that comorbid borderline personality disorder and major depressive disorder could contribute to a high rate of false positives to screening with ASRS (Bron et al, 2016; Kim et al, 2020; Weibel et al, 2018); we did not directly analyzed comorbidity data in our sample; however, the fact that the patients referring to our centre usually present a lower general symptoms severity than patients referring to other general mental health services might have had a major role in lowering their ADHD prevalence rate.…”

Multiple examinations indicated associations between abnormal regional homogeneity and cognitive dysfunction in major depressive disorder

“…By 2030, MDD will be the leading cause of the burden of disease worldwide ( Collins et al, 2011 ). Plenty of studies have shown that patients with MDD have aberrant brain imaging ( Zhang et al, 2018 ; Liang et al, 2020 ; Yang et al, 2021 ), clinical ( Caldwell and Steffen, 2018 ; Kircanski et al, 2019 ), event-related potentials (ERPs; Landes et al, 2018 ; Kim et al, 2020 ; Fan et al, 2021 ; Xin et al, 2021 ), and cognitive indicators ( Pan et al, 2019 ). MDD is a heterogeneous disease ( Harald and Gordon, 2012 ), and its etiology remains vague.…”

The Relationship between Depression Severity and Prefrontal Hemodynamic Changes in Adolescents with Major Depression Disorder: A Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy Study

“…Moreover, because early treatment of MDD has a positive effect on prognosis, tools for accurate early diagnosis are needed [17]. Neuroimaging technologies, such as electroence-phalogram, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), are widely used as biomarker tools that can help assess and diagnose the symptoms of patients with mental disorders [18][19][20][21][22][23]. Regarding MDD, reduced oxygenated-hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) level during cognitive activation has been proposed as a potential biomarker [24].…”