The relationship between resting heart rate and all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality

Abstract

The resting heart rate is a predictor of mortality, independent of major cardiovascular risk factors.

Heart Rate Variability and Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis

“…These data corroborate previous evidence on the significance of HR variability for clinical manifestations of coronary artery disease. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] The association between low HR variability and the progression of coronary artery disease was not explained by common risk factors for atherosclerosis, or by the severity of ischemic heart disease at the time of analysis of HR variability, supporting the view that there may be an independent relationship between HR variability and the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. Despite the epidemiological evidence of an association between low HR variability and cardiovascular mortality, [5][6][7] the causes and mechanisms of this association have not been well known.…”

“…[1][2][3] Ambulatory ECG recordings have shown that the minimum HR measured during a 24-hour period is even more closely related to cardiac events than the casual HR or 24-hour average HR, 26 and blunted circadian rhythm of autonomic modulation of HR has been described in patients with coronary artery disease. 22 In this study, the elevated minimum HR during sleeping hours, but not the maximum HR, was found to be related to the progression of coronary artery stenoses, also providing a possible explanation for the prior epidemiological and clinical observations.…”

“…levated heart rate (HR) and reduced HR variability are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in various populations, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] but the pathophysiological link between these associations is not well understood. Experimental studies on monkeys fed an atherogenic diet have demonstrated a relationship between resting HR and progression of coronary atherosclerosis, 9 -11 and there is also a strong relationship between HR and arterial stiffness, 12 but there has been little evidence of any association between HR, or its variability, and human coronary atherosclerosis.…”

QTc interval and resting heart rate as long-term predictors of mortality in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 23-year follow-up

“…Increased resting heart rate (rHR), which is easily measurable in clinical practice, has been shown to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular death in a nondiabetic population [13][14][15][16]. Recently, rHR has also been shown to be valuable in estimating the risk of cardiovascular death in patients with type 2 diabetes [8,10].…”

Normal resting pulse rate ranges

“…Resting heart (pulse) rate (RPR) is a potentially useful measure for neurological fitness because it is: a) a neurologicallybased [1][2][3] and b) supported by outcomes research (which typically shows that a lower RPR is associated with better outcomes compared to a higher RPR). [4][5][6] A variety of health care providers use RPR including nurses, physicians, and chiropractors.…”